#OneBigBeautifulBill The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14, colloquially but unofficially known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA; OBBB; BBB), or the Big Beautiful Bill, is a budget reconciliation law passed by the 119th United States Congress containing tax and spending policies that form the core of President Donald Trump's second-term agenda. The bill was signed into law by President Trump on July 4, 2025.[1][2] Before being signed into law, the Senate approved the bill 51–50 on July 1, 2025, with Vice President JD Vance casting a tiebreaking vote in support of the bill. The OBBBA passed the House of Representatives, 218–214, on July 3, 2025. The bill was passed over universal Democratic opposition in both houses.The OBBBA contains hundreds of provisions. It permanently extends the individual tax rates Trump signed into law in 2017, which were originally set to expire at the end of 2025. It also raises the cap on the state and local tax deduction to $40,000 for taxpayers making less than $500,000, with the cap reverting back to $10,000 after five years. The OBBBA also includes several temporary tax deductions for tips, overtime pay, auto loans, and creates Trump Accounts, allowing parents to create tax-deferred accounts for the benefit of their children, all set to expire in 2028. It also includes a permanent $200 increase in the child tax credit, a 1% tax on remittances, and a tax hike on investment income from college endowments. In addition, it phases out clean energy tax credits that were included in the Biden-era Inflation Reduction Act, and promotes fossil fuels over renewable energy. It raises the debt ceiling by $5 trillion. It makes significant cuts to Medicaid and Medicare spending. The OBBBA also expands work requirements for food stamp recipients and makes states responsible for some costs relating to food stamps. The OBBBA includes $150 billion in new defense spending and another $150 billion for border enforcement and deportations. The bill increases the funding for ICE from $10 billion to more than $100 billion by 2029, making it the single most heavily funded law enforcement agency in the federal government.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates the bill will increase the budget deficit by $2.8 trillion by 2034 and cause 10.9 million Americans to lose health insurance coverage. The cuts to Medicaid are the largest in the program's history, with experts arguing that the bill would create the largest upward transfer of wealth from the poor to the rich in American history. Several think tanks, experts, and opponents have criticized the bill over its regressive tax structure and described many of its policies as gimmicks. Accordin