📈 Global Broad Money Supply (2000–2025)

Global broad money supply* rose to $144 trillion in December 2025, up from $26 trillion in 2000, reflecting a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0%. Growth accelerated notably in 2025, increasing 10.4% year-on-year in December—significantly boosted by the U.S. dollar’s 9.4% depreciation.

China accounted for the largest share at $48.3 trillion (33.7%), followed by the European Union ($22.6 trillion, 15.7%), the United States ($22.4 trillion, 15.6%), Japan ($10.4 trillion, 7.3%), and the United Kingdom ($5.0 trillion, 3.5%)—together comprising three-quarters of global liquidity.

Between February 2020 and February 2022, money supply jumped 25%, before leveling off around $125 trillion through 2022 and 2023. From 2021 to 2024, growth slowed to a muted 1.4% CAGR, pulling the 2019–2024 rate down to 5.3%, below the long-term trend.

* Data covers 169 countries and territories, representing 99% of global GDP. All figures are converted to U.S. dollars.

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