I’d start with ETFs first, especially if someone is coming from crypto. Crypto trains you to react fast, but US markets reward patience more often. A broad ETF helps you learn market rhythm without betting everything on one company. Then, once you understand things like earnings, valuation, competitive advantage, and sector cycles, individual stocks become easier to judge. For me, ETFs are the base layer, and stock picking is something to add slowly when you actually know why you’re buying.