1. 🇺🇸 United States — 8,133 tonnes
2. 🇩🇪 Germany — 3,350 tonnes
3. 🇮🇹 Italy — 2,452 tonnes
4. 🇫🇷 France — 2,437 tonnes
5. 🇷🇺 Russia — 2,330 tonnes
6. 🇨🇳 China — 2,304 tonnes
7. 🇨🇭 Switzerland — 1,040 tonnes
8. 🇮🇳 India — 880 tonnes
9. 🇯🇵 Japan — 846 tonnes
10. 🇳🇱 Netherlands — 612 tonnes
11. 🇹🇷 Türkiye — ~595–641 tonnes (recent increases to around 641 in some reports)
12. 🇵🇱 Poland — ~448–515 tonnes (active buyer, around 515 in late 2025 snapshots)
13. 🇵🇹 Portugal — 383 tonnes
14. 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan — ~361–362 tonnes
15. 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan — ~324 tonnes
16. 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia — 323 tonnes
17. 🇬🇧 United Kingdom — 310 tonnes
18. 🇱🇧 Lebanon — 287 tonnes
19. 🇪🇸 Spain — 282 tonnes
20. 🇦🇹 Austria — 280 tonnes
21. 🇧🇪 Belgium — ~227 tonnes
22. 🇻🇪 Venezuela — ~161 tonnes (approximate, subject to reporting)
23. 🇵🇭 Philippines — ~158–200 tonnes (recent buys)
24. 🇸🇬 Singapore — ~154–205 tonnes (variable in aggregates)
25. 🇧🇷 Brazil — ~145–172 tonnes (strong recent additions)
26. 🇸🇪 Sweden — ~126 tonnes
27. 🇿🇦 South Africa — 125 tonnes
28. 🇪🇬 Egypt — ~126–129 tonnes
29. 🇲🇽 Mexico — ~120 tonnes
Source: World Gold Council / IMF IFS (Q3 2025 data, latest updates January 2026)