You mentioned several important places and regions connected to Iran and nearby areas:

Turkey

Iraq

Caspian Sea

Tehran

Iran

Turkmenistan

Kuwait

Mashhad

Afghanistan

Pakistan

Shiraz

Persian Gulf

These locations are geographically linked around Iran. Iran borders Turkey and Iraq to the west, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and has coastlines on both the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. Tehran is the capital, while Mashhad and Shiraz are major Iranian cities.