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starknet

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Ken武盛
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$STRK Freezes: ZK Tech Still EarlyStarknet drifts lower as the market struggles to price in ZK-rollup potential against unlocking supply. What's Happening: $STRK down to $0.094 "Quantum Leap" upgrade improved TPS, but users haven't flooded in yet.Developer ecosystem is vibrant but early-stage.High FDV (Fully Diluted Valuation) scares off retail. Why It Matters: ZK is the endgame for scaling. STRK is a long-term play on math winning over optimism. Technical View: All-time low territory. No support below. Price discovery to the downside until buyers step in. 🎯 Key Levels: Support: None | Resistance: $0.10 24h Range: $0.092 - $0.096 💡 Being early looks the same as being wrong. What's your take? Drop a 🔥 for bullish, ❄️ for bearish 👇 #STRK #Starknet #ZK #L2 #Crypto Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.

$STRK Freezes: ZK Tech Still Early

Starknet drifts lower as the market struggles to price in ZK-rollup potential against unlocking supply.
What's Happening:
$STRK down to $0.094 "Quantum Leap" upgrade improved TPS, but users haven't flooded in yet.Developer ecosystem is vibrant but early-stage.High FDV (Fully Diluted Valuation) scares off retail.
Why It Matters: ZK is the endgame for scaling. STRK is a long-term play on math winning over optimism.
Technical View: All-time low territory. No support below. Price discovery to the downside until buyers step in.
🎯 Key Levels:
Support: None | Resistance: $0.10 24h Range: $0.092 - $0.096
💡 Being early looks the same as being wrong.
What's your take? Drop a 🔥 for bullish, ❄️ for bearish 👇
#STRK #Starknet #ZK #L2 #Crypto
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.
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The technology prince $STRK #STARKNET has pumped out after 6 months of minting, currently there is officially no support below, is there a chance of recovery of 50-70% for the prince in the last month of the 4-year cycle of $BTC , or should we just wait for delisting 😁
The technology prince $STRK #STARKNET has pumped out after 6 months of minting, currently there is officially no support below, is there a chance of recovery of 50-70% for the prince in the last month of the 4-year cycle of $BTC , or should we just wait for delisting 😁
PlanA - Demo Trader
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Bearish
$STRK coin pump not locked the sky to the ground extermination =)))) currently #starknet has broken the lowest bottom, except for the mustache pulling back to 0.03 before there can be said to be no support below. This dumping minting method is a typical strategy of Market Makers this season, luckily I managed to exit early this year to reallocate the portfolio into trading and holding bitcoin, otherwise staying with everyone would surely be withered. 1 year 10 posts then 9 posts remind about the plan to dump mint this season, 1 post lurking for take profit for everyone who believes must be enjoying now =)))))
$BTC $ETH #TradingSignals
hihihehe dump:
Ngày nào anh trọc cũng tw yên tâm nó xoá sổ sớm thôi 🤣
$STRK Plunges 9.5% as ZK Rollup Faces Heavy SellingStarknet experiences severe selling as ZK sector faces amplified correction. What's Happening: $STRK crashes 9.50% to $0.0953 - among worst L2 performersZK rollup technology strong but token faces unlock pressure24h range from $0.0938 to $0.1062 shows extreme volatilityFear & Greed at 24 amplifying ZK sector rotation Why It Matters: ZK rollups like Starknet represent the technological frontier of Ethereum scaling, but newer governance tokens face structural selling pressure due to unlock schedules and lower liquidity. Technical View: STRK broke below $0.10 psychological level. Critical support at $0.0938 (24h low). Resistance at $0.1062. High volatility characteristic of newer L2 tokens. 🎯 Key Levels: Support: $0.0938 | Resistance: $0.1062 24h Range: $0.0938 - $0.1062 💡 ZK technology is the future - but token economics are the present reality What's your take? Drop a 🔥 for bullish, ❄️ for bearish 👇 #Starknet #STRK #ZKRollup #Layer2 #Ethereum Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.

$STRK Plunges 9.5% as ZK Rollup Faces Heavy Selling

Starknet experiences severe selling as ZK sector faces amplified correction.
What's Happening:
$STRK crashes 9.50% to $0.0953 - among worst L2 performersZK rollup technology strong but token faces unlock pressure24h range from $0.0938 to $0.1062 shows extreme volatilityFear & Greed at 24 amplifying ZK sector rotation
Why It Matters: ZK rollups like Starknet represent the technological frontier of Ethereum scaling, but newer governance tokens face structural selling pressure due to unlock schedules and lower liquidity.
Technical View: STRK broke below $0.10 psychological level. Critical support at $0.0938 (24h low). Resistance at $0.1062. High volatility characteristic of newer L2 tokens.
🎯 Key Levels:
Support: $0.0938 | Resistance: $0.1062 24h Range: $0.0938 - $0.1062
💡 ZK technology is the future - but token economics are the present reality
What's your take? Drop a 🔥 for bullish, ❄️ for bearish 👇
#Starknet #STRK #ZKRollup #Layer2 #Ethereum
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.
$STRK Rallies 1.5% as ZK Rollup Shows StrengthStarknet leads L2 gains with notable outperformance during market fear. What's Happening: STRK rises 1.54% to $0.1054, among top L2 performersZK-STARK technology development advancing rapidlyCairo programming language ecosystem growingDeFi TVL on Starknet showing resilience Why It Matters: Starknet's gain during Extreme Fear demonstrates conviction in ZK technology. As the leading ZK-STARK implementation, Starknet offers unique scaling properties that could prove superior for certain use cases. Technical View: $STRK breaking above $0.105 is constructive. Support at $0.1016 held, with $0.1058 as immediate resistance. Positive momentum against market trend suggests accumulation by ZK believers. 🎯 Key Levels: Support: $0.1016 | Resistance: $0.1058 24h Range: $0.1016 - $0.1058 💡 ZK technology is the future of scaling - Starknet believers are accumulating What's your take? Drop a 🔥 for bullish, ❄️ for bearish 👇 #Starknet #STRK #ZKRollup #Layer2 #Ethereum Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.

$STRK Rallies 1.5% as ZK Rollup Shows Strength

Starknet leads L2 gains with notable outperformance during market fear.
What's Happening:
STRK rises 1.54% to $0.1054, among top L2 performersZK-STARK technology development advancing rapidlyCairo programming language ecosystem growingDeFi TVL on Starknet showing resilience
Why It Matters: Starknet's gain during Extreme Fear demonstrates conviction in ZK technology. As the leading ZK-STARK implementation, Starknet offers unique scaling properties that could prove superior for certain use cases.
Technical View: $STRK breaking above $0.105 is constructive. Support at $0.1016 held, with $0.1058 as immediate resistance. Positive momentum against market trend suggests accumulation by ZK believers.
🎯 Key Levels:
Support: $0.1016 | Resistance: $0.1058 24h Range: $0.1016 - $0.1058
💡 ZK technology is the future of scaling - Starknet believers are accumulating
What's your take? Drop a 🔥 for bullish, ❄️ for bearish 👇
#Starknet #STRK #ZKRollup #Layer2 #Ethereum
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.
See original
# ZK Layer — zero-knowledge proof technologies in simple terms ZK (Zero-Knowledge) is one of the most powerful and beautiful technologies in the crypto world. It allows you to prove that data is correct without revealing the data itself. It sounds like magic, but it already works in real networks. In the context of blockchains, ZK technologies are used to create ZK-rollups — solutions that bundle transactions, process them off L1, and send only the mathematical proof of correctness to the network. Ethereum verifies the proof without executing each operation — and this saves huge resources.

# ZK Layer — zero-knowledge proof technologies in simple terms

ZK (Zero-Knowledge) is one of the most powerful and beautiful technologies in the crypto world. It allows you to prove that data is correct without revealing the data itself. It sounds like magic, but it already works in real networks.
In the context of blockchains, ZK technologies are used to create ZK-rollups — solutions that bundle transactions, process them off L1, and send only the mathematical proof of correctness to the network. Ethereum verifies the proof without executing each operation — and this saves huge resources.
$STRK Drops 5.6% - ZK Tech Thesis UnchangedStarkNet falls with L2 sector but ZK-rollup technology advantages remain compelling. What's Happening: $STRK pulls back to $0.106 zoneCairo language development activeZK proof generation improvingL2 sector under broad pressure today Why It Matters: StarkNet's ZK technology offers different tradeoffs than optimistic rollups. The tech thesis doesn't change with daily price. ZK Advantage: Zero-knowledge proofs provide faster finality and different security properties. Tech-forward developers building here. Cairo Ecosystem: Unique programming language creates developer lock-in but also specialized innovation. 🔐 ZK technology is the future of scaling #StarkNet #STRK #ZK #Layer2 #Ethereum Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.

$STRK Drops 5.6% - ZK Tech Thesis Unchanged

StarkNet falls with L2 sector but ZK-rollup technology advantages remain compelling.
What's Happening:
$STRK pulls back to $0.106 zoneCairo language development activeZK proof generation improvingL2 sector under broad pressure today
Why It Matters: StarkNet's ZK technology offers different tradeoffs than optimistic rollups. The tech thesis doesn't change with daily price.
ZK Advantage: Zero-knowledge proofs provide faster finality and different security properties. Tech-forward developers building here.
Cairo Ecosystem: Unique programming language creates developer lock-in but also specialized innovation.
🔐 ZK technology is the future of scaling
#StarkNet #STRK #ZK #Layer2 #Ethereum
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research (DYOR) before making any investment decisions.
Asset Secure
63%
No Asset Secure
37%
38 votes • Voting closed
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Bullish
⚠️ Starknet Mainnet Upgrade Alert v0.14.1 deploys in a few hours. Brief downtime expected ~08:30 UTC. Transactions will pause temporarily. ✅ Faster block finalization ✅ BLAKE hash function implemented Network will resume shortly. Plan your moves accordingly. {spot}(STRKUSDT) {spot}(ETHUSDT) #STARKNET #strk #Layer2 #Ethereum #crypto
⚠️ Starknet Mainnet Upgrade Alert

v0.14.1 deploys in a few hours.

Brief downtime expected ~08:30 UTC.

Transactions will pause temporarily.

✅ Faster block finalization
✅ BLAKE hash function implemented

Network will resume shortly. Plan your moves accordingly.



#STARKNET #strk #Layer2 #Ethereum #crypto
See original
The initial distribution mechanism is criticized, utility has not fully emerged. But if Starknet manages to attract large volumes, STRK could transform from a "tentative token" to a "dominant ZK fuel". $STRK {spot}(STRKUSDT) #STARKNET
The initial distribution mechanism is criticized, utility has not fully emerged. But if Starknet manages to attract large volumes, STRK could transform from a "tentative token" to a "dominant ZK fuel".

$STRK
#STARKNET
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Bullish
$STRK price remain sitting on a key demand zone weekly. If we look at the H4 chart, I see a falling wedge (reversal structure) and a bull divergence RSI! 📈 I won't be surprised to see another bull rally from the 0.1050 - 0.110$ level! Invalidation: Things will turn bad in case of Weekly candle close under 0.100$, but for now it's a very interesting zone to accumulate also for the long term! 💎 My potential targets for a SWING play: 🎯0.1200 🎯0.1280 🎯0.1350 🎯0.1500 #Bullish #STARKNET #strk
$STRK price remain sitting on a key demand zone weekly.

If we look at the H4 chart, I see a falling wedge (reversal structure) and a bull divergence RSI! 📈

I won't be surprised to see another bull rally from the 0.1050 - 0.110$ level!

Invalidation:
Things will turn bad in case of Weekly candle close under 0.100$, but for now it's a very interesting zone to accumulate also for the long term! 💎

My potential targets for a SWING play:
🎯0.1200
🎯0.1280
🎯0.1350
🎯0.1500

#Bullish #STARKNET #strk
🔥 $STRK Update – Still Looking Strong! 🚀 $STRK /USDT sitting at $0.1144 ✅ +2.97% today 24h High: $0.1154 | 24h Low: $0.1093 Volume: 86.41M $STRK (+ healthy USDT volume) Chart Setup (4H/1D): - Price just bounced off the key support zone ~$0.1075-$0.1090 ✔️ - Holding above all major MAs (7/25/99) → Bullish structure intact - RSI(6) cooled down from 73 → now 63-ish, room to run again - Hidden bullish divergence on volume → accumulation vibe Pro Tips: ✅ Layer 1 / Layer 2 narrative still alive – Starknet ecosystem keeps shipping ✅ Watch $0.1154 breakout → retest of $0.1217-$0.1250 very likely ✅ Stop-loss below $0.1060 if you’re entering spot/long ✅ For futures: 5-8x is sweet spot here, target 1: $0.1250 | target 2: $0.14 Long bias as long as $0.1075 holds 💪 #STRK #Starknet #Altseason #Crypto #Binance #STRKUSDT
🔥 $STRK Update – Still Looking Strong! 🚀

$STRK /USDT sitting at $0.1144 ✅ +2.97% today
24h High: $0.1154 | 24h Low: $0.1093
Volume: 86.41M $STRK (+ healthy USDT volume)

Chart Setup (4H/1D):
- Price just bounced off the key support zone ~$0.1075-$0.1090 ✔️
- Holding above all major MAs (7/25/99) → Bullish structure intact
- RSI(6) cooled down from 73 → now 63-ish, room to run again
- Hidden bullish divergence on volume → accumulation vibe

Pro Tips:
✅ Layer 1 / Layer 2 narrative still alive – Starknet ecosystem keeps shipping
✅ Watch $0.1154 breakout → retest of $0.1217-$0.1250 very likely
✅ Stop-loss below $0.1060 if you’re entering spot/long
✅ For futures: 5-8x is sweet spot here, target 1: $0.1250 | target 2: $0.14

Long bias as long as $0.1075 holds 💪

#STRK #Starknet #Altseason #Crypto #Binance
#STRKUSDT
$STRK : Starknet continues institutional expansion with Anchorage Digital adding custody and staking services for US institutional investors. The network is preparing significant mainnet upgrades for December, including BLAKE hash migration and enhanced token utility features. A scheduled token unlock for Early Contributors (3.33%) is set for December 15th as part of the protocol's transparent distribution schedule. The Starknet Foundation recently announced 100 million STRK in ecosystem incentives supporting new institutional-grade Bitcoin yield strategies. Not financial advice. Always do your own research before making investment decisions. #Starknet #InstitutionalAdoption #Layer2Scaling
$STRK : Starknet continues institutional expansion with Anchorage Digital adding custody and staking services for US institutional investors. The network is preparing significant mainnet upgrades for December, including BLAKE hash migration and enhanced token utility features. A scheduled token unlock for Early Contributors (3.33%) is set for December 15th as part of the protocol's transparent distribution schedule. The Starknet Foundation recently announced 100 million STRK in ecosystem incentives supporting new institutional-grade Bitcoin yield strategies.

Not financial advice. Always do your own research before making investment decisions.

#Starknet #InstitutionalAdoption #Layer2Scaling
🚀 $STRK Price Forecast 2025–2028 | Is This the Next Big Opportunity? 🚀 StarkNet ($STRK) is currently trading in a dip, and many traders believe this could be a strong accumulation zone before the next major move. If you invest $1,000 today and hold until Sep 23, 2026, projections suggest a potential return of up to $1,729.05, reflecting a 172.9% ROI. 📈 🔹 2025 Outlook Minimum: $0.1089 Maximum: $0.2711 Average: $0.2619 🔹 2026 Outlook Minimum: $0.2754 Maximum: $0.3952 Average: $0.3755 🔹 2027 Outlook Minimum: $0.4847 Maximum: $0.6833 Average: $0.5989 🔹 2028 Outlook Minimum: $0.5710 Maximum: $0.7746 Average: $0.7410 Smart money buys fear. If the market recovery continues, $STRK could be one of the surprise performers of the next bull cycle. 👀✨ 💬 What’s your take — bullish or cautious? #STRK #StarkNet #CryptoPrediction #BinanceSquare #WriteToEarnUpgrade {spot}(STRKUSDT)
🚀 $STRK Price Forecast 2025–2028 | Is This the Next Big Opportunity? 🚀
StarkNet ($STRK ) is currently trading in a dip, and many traders believe this could be a strong accumulation zone before the next major move.
If you invest $1,000 today and hold until Sep 23, 2026, projections suggest a potential return of up to $1,729.05, reflecting a 172.9% ROI. 📈
🔹 2025 Outlook
Minimum: $0.1089
Maximum: $0.2711
Average: $0.2619
🔹 2026 Outlook
Minimum: $0.2754
Maximum: $0.3952
Average: $0.3755
🔹 2027 Outlook
Minimum: $0.4847
Maximum: $0.6833
Average: $0.5989
🔹 2028 Outlook
Minimum: $0.5710
Maximum: $0.7746
Average: $0.7410
Smart money buys fear. If the market recovery continues, $STRK could be one of the surprise performers of the next bull cycle. 👀✨
💬 What’s your take — bullish or cautious?
#STRK #StarkNet #CryptoPrediction #BinanceSquare #WriteToEarnUpgrade
🚀 STRK Coin Price Prediction 2025–2028 🚀 Thinking of jumping in? Right now STRK is sitting in a nice dip – could be a solid entry point for both short and long-term plays! If you invest $1,000 today in StarkNet (STRK) and HODL until September 23, 2026, our current forecast shows a potential profit of ~$1,729 (that’s a sweet 172.9% ROI in just ~289 days) 🔥 Here’s the detailed price outlook: **2025 Price Forecast** - Minimum: $0.1089 - Maximum: $0.2711 - Average: ~$0.2619 **2026 Price Forecast** - Minimum: $0.2754 - Maximum: $0.3952 - Average: ~$0.3755 **2027 Price Forecast** - Minimum: $0.4847 - Maximum: $0.6833 - Average: ~$0.5989 **2028 Price Forecast** - Minimum: $0.5710 - Maximum: $0.7746 - Average: ~$0.7410 Long-term outlook remains bullish as adoption and Layer-2 scaling narrative heat up! Stay locked in for fresh updates ❤️ #STRK #StarkNet #Crypto #Layer2 #WriteToEarnUpgrade $STRK {spot}(STRKUSDT)
🚀 STRK Coin Price Prediction 2025–2028 🚀

Thinking of jumping in? Right now STRK is sitting in a nice dip – could be a solid entry point for both short and long-term plays!

If you invest $1,000 today in StarkNet (STRK) and HODL until September 23, 2026, our current forecast shows a potential profit of ~$1,729 (that’s a sweet 172.9% ROI in just ~289 days) 🔥

Here’s the detailed price outlook:

**2025 Price Forecast**
- Minimum: $0.1089
- Maximum: $0.2711
- Average: ~$0.2619

**2026 Price Forecast**
- Minimum: $0.2754
- Maximum: $0.3952
- Average: ~$0.3755

**2027 Price Forecast**
- Minimum: $0.4847
- Maximum: $0.6833
- Average: ~$0.5989

**2028 Price Forecast**
- Minimum: $0.5710
- Maximum: $0.7746
- Average: ~$0.7410

Long-term outlook remains bullish as adoption and Layer-2 scaling narrative heat up!
Stay locked in for fresh updates ❤️

#STRK #StarkNet #Crypto #Layer2 #WriteToEarnUpgrade
$STRK
See original
The Legend of the Scaling Wizard - $STRK Imagine a kingdom where all roads lead to congestion, where each step costs a fortune in tolls. This was Ethereum, a giant of unlimited potential, but suffocated by its own popularity. Then, Starknet (STRK) emerged, the "scaling wizard," which does not build new roads but invokes ancient magic — ZK (Zero-Knowledge) cryptography — to transport entire caravans of data off the main highway, process them instantly, and return only the proof that everything was done correctly, without revealing the details. This Layer 2 is not just fast; it is the promise of a future where Ethereum can host billions of users without compromising security or decentralization. The STRK token is the fuel for this magic. It pays transaction fees, ensures the security of the network through staking, and allows the "wizards" (the community) to govern the kingdom. With its Cairo language, Starknet opens doors for developers to create applications that were previously impossible on Ethereum. For the investor, STRK is a bet on the thesis that scalability without compromises is the Holy Grail, and that ZK technology is the magic wand that will unblock the path to global adoption. It is the future of Ethereum, but outside of Ethereum. @StarkNet_official #STARKNET $STRK #BinanceBlockchainWeek {spot}(STRKUSDT)
The Legend of the Scaling Wizard - $STRK

Imagine a kingdom where all roads lead to congestion, where each step costs a fortune in tolls. This was Ethereum, a giant of unlimited potential, but suffocated by its own popularity. Then, Starknet (STRK) emerged, the "scaling wizard," which does not build new roads but invokes ancient magic — ZK (Zero-Knowledge) cryptography — to transport entire caravans of data off the main highway, process them instantly, and return only the proof that everything was done correctly, without revealing the details.

This Layer 2 is not just fast; it is the promise of a future where Ethereum can host billions of users without compromising security or decentralization. The STRK token is the fuel for this magic. It pays transaction fees, ensures the security of the network through staking, and allows the "wizards" (the community) to govern the kingdom.

With its Cairo language, Starknet opens doors for developers to create applications that were previously impossible on Ethereum. For the investor, STRK is a bet on the thesis that scalability without compromises is the Holy Grail, and that ZK technology is the magic wand that will unblock the path to global adoption. It is the future of Ethereum, but outside of Ethereum.

@Stark Net #STARKNET $STRK #BinanceBlockchainWeek
🚀 $STRK Coin Price Forecast 2025 – 2028 StarkNet is trading in a deep dip right now — making it an interesting spot for short-term traders looking for potential upside. 📈 $1,000 Investment Outlook (Sep 23, 2026) If you invest $1,000 in STRK today and hold until Sep 23, 2026, projections suggest a possible profit of $1,729.05 — that’s a 172.90% ROI over the next 289 days. --- 🔮 STRK Price Predictions 📅 2025 Forecast • Min: $0.1089 • Avg: $0.2619 • Max: $0.2711 📅 2026 Forecast • Min: $0.2754 • Avg: $0.3755 • Max: $0.3952 📅 2027 Forecast • Min: $0.4847 • Avg: $0.5989 • Max: $0.6833 📅 2028 Forecast • Min: $0.5710 • Avg: $0.7410 • Max: $0.7746 --- 📌$STRK is currently in a dip — often seen as an opportunity zone by traders waiting for a breakout. Stay tuned for more updates ❤ #strk #STARKNET #CryptoAnalysis #BinanceSquare #WriteToEarnUpgrade 🚀
🚀 $STRK Coin Price Forecast 2025 – 2028
StarkNet is trading in a deep dip right now — making it an interesting spot for short-term traders looking for potential upside.

📈 $1,000 Investment Outlook (Sep 23, 2026)
If you invest $1,000 in STRK today and hold until Sep 23, 2026, projections suggest a possible profit of $1,729.05 — that’s a 172.90% ROI over the next 289 days.

---

🔮 STRK Price Predictions

📅 2025 Forecast
• Min: $0.1089
• Avg: $0.2619
• Max: $0.2711

📅 2026 Forecast
• Min: $0.2754
• Avg: $0.3755
• Max: $0.3952

📅 2027 Forecast
• Min: $0.4847
• Avg: $0.5989
• Max: $0.6833

📅 2028 Forecast
• Min: $0.5710
• Avg: $0.7410
• Max: $0.7746

---

📌$STRK is currently in a dip — often seen as an opportunity zone by traders waiting for a breakout.
Stay tuned for more updates ❤

#strk #STARKNET #CryptoAnalysis #BinanceSquare #WriteToEarnUpgrade 🚀
See original
Starknet: ZK-STARK Computing System, Semantic AIR, and FRI-based Recursive Proof SystemStarknet operates as a Validity Rollup that moves all computational execution off Ethereum and proves the results using zk-STARK, which is a zero-knowledge Succinct Transparent Argument of Knowledge. Unlike SNARK that requires a trusted setup, STARK leverages hash-based cryptographic primitives and low-degree polynomial constraints to produce scalable and transparent proofs. At the heart of Starknet is AIR (Algebraic Intermediate Representation)—a high-level constraint system that transforms program execution into a series of low-degree polynomial equations. Any execution, including Cairo instructions, is reduced to transition constraints that express deterministic relationships between the state before and after, allowing the entire computation to be projected as a polynomial consistency problem instead of a machine step simulation.

Starknet: ZK-STARK Computing System, Semantic AIR, and FRI-based Recursive Proof System

Starknet operates as a Validity Rollup that moves all computational execution off Ethereum and proves the results using zk-STARK, which is a zero-knowledge Succinct Transparent Argument of Knowledge. Unlike SNARK that requires a trusted setup, STARK leverages hash-based cryptographic primitives and low-degree polynomial constraints to produce scalable and transparent proofs.
At the heart of Starknet is AIR (Algebraic Intermediate Representation)—a high-level constraint system that transforms program execution into a series of low-degree polynomial equations. Any execution, including Cairo instructions, is reduced to transition constraints that express deterministic relationships between the state before and after, allowing the entire computation to be projected as a polynomial consistency problem instead of a machine step simulation.
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