#USConsumerConfidence U.S. Economic Policy: Trade tariffs and tax changes can either strengthen or weaken the dollar depending on their impact on economic growth and inflation.

• Geopolitical Situation: Escalation of international relations or the imposition of new sanctions can lead to increased volatility in exchange rates.

• Oil Prices: For Russia, the price of oil is a key factor influencing the ruble's exchange rate against the dollar.

Thus, the dollar exchange rate in 2025 will depend on a multitude of variables, including U.S. domestic economic policy, global economic trends, and Russia-specific factors.