Cybersecurity is the set of practices, technologies, and processes designed to protect systems, networks, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access.
Basic Principles (CIA Triad)
The fundamentals of cybersecurity are based on the CIA triad:
1. Confidentiality
Ensuring that information is only accessible by authorized persons.
Example: passwords, data encryption.
2. Integrity
Maintaining data accuracy and free from unauthorized alterations.
Example: digital signatures, file hashes.
3. Availability
Ensuring that systems and information are available when needed.
Example: online servers 24/7, disaster recovery plans.
Key Areas of Cybersecurity
1. Network Security: protecting data traffic from intrusions and attacks (firewalls, VPN).
2. System Security: keeping equipment and servers updated and free from vulnerabilities.
3. Application Security: reviewing code to prevent failures (such as SQL injections).
4. Data Security: encryption, backups, access control.
5. Cloud Security: protecting environments on platforms like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.
6. User Awareness: training people to detect phishing and avoid bad practices.
Common Types of Threats
1. Malware: viruses, trojans, ransomware.
2. Phishing: fake emails or messages to steal information.
3. Social Engineering: manipulating people to gain access.
4. DDoS Attacks: overwhelming a service to take it offline.
5. Vulnerability Exploits: taking advantage of errors in software or hardware.
Good Cybersecurity Practices
1. Use secure and unique passwords.
2. Enable two-factor authentication (2FA).
3.;Keep software and systems updated.
4. Make regular backups.
5. Use antivirus and firewall.
6. Be cautious with unknown links and files.
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