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PEPE coin has reached an all-time high, marking a significant milestone for memecoins. Let's share our insights and experiences to better understand what this means for PEPE moving forward.
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US SEC Signals Approval for Ether ETFs, Asks Exchanges to Fine-Tune ApplicationsAccording to Reuters: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) may be poised to approve Ether exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Aas per four sources familiar with the process, the SEC asked exchanges such as Nasdaq, CBOE, and NYSE to refine their applications for spot Ether ETFs. This unprecedented move comes as a surprise to an industry braced for rejection.
Ether's price soared by as much as 18% on Monday due to this development and was up another 8.6% at $3,802 late Tuesday morning.
The SEC is expected to make a decision on applications to list Ether ETFs by VanEck and ARK Investments/21Shares — submitted via CBOE — by the end of this week. Although there was initially no engagement between the SEC, exchanges, and issuers on the application specifics, the regulator's recent request for updates indicates potential approval.
Despite growing optimism, these issuers still need SEC approval on the ETF registration statements before trading can commence. There's no set time frame for this, meaning Ether ETFs may take several months to begin trading.
The SEC's move represents a potential triumph for the cryptocurrency industry, given the regulator's historical hesitance amid concerns around market manipulation, especially overseen by crypto skeptic, Gary Gensler. The first Ether ETF applications were filed after the SEC approved ETFs tied to Ether futures in October, but rejection was expected due to discouraging encounters with the regulator. Last year, however, the SEC was compelled to approve Bitcoin ETFs following a successful court challenge by Grayscale Investments. This paved the way for significant buying interest, with two new Bitcoin funds attracting over $1 billion in assets within the first week.
US SEC Signals Approval for Ether ETFs, Asks Exchanges to Fine-Tune Applications
According to Reuters: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) may be poised to approve Ether exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Aas per four sources familiar with the process, the SEC asked exchanges such as Nasdaq, CBOE, and NYSE to refine their applications for spot Ether ETFs. This unprecedented move comes as a surprise to an industry braced for rejection.
Ether's price soared by as much as 18% on Monday due to this development and was up another 8.6% at $3,802 late Tuesday morning.
The SEC is expected to make a decision on applications to list Ether ETFs by VanEck and ARK Investments/21Shares — submitted via CBOE — by the end of this week. Although there was initially no engagement between the SEC, exchanges, and issuers on the application specifics, the regulator's recent request for updates indicates potential approval.
Despite growing optimism, these issuers still need SEC approval on the ETF registration statements before trading can commence. There's no set time frame for this, meaning Ether ETFs may take several months to begin trading.
The SEC's move represents a potential triumph for the cryptocurrency industry, given the regulator's historical hesitance amid concerns around market manipulation, especially overseen by crypto skeptic, Gary Gensler. The first Ether ETF applications were filed after the SEC approved ETFs tied to Ether futures in October, but rejection was expected due to discouraging encounters with the regulator. Last year, however, the SEC was compelled to approve Bitcoin ETFs following a successful court challenge by Grayscale Investments. This paved the way for significant buying interest, with two new Bitcoin funds attracting over $1 billion in assets within the first week.
Ether's price soared by as much as 18% on Monday due to this development and was up another 8.6% at $3,802 late Tuesday morning.
The SEC is expected to make a decision on applications to list Ether ETFs by VanEck and ARK Investments/21Shares — submitted via CBOE — by the end of this week. Although there was initially no engagement between the SEC, exchanges, and issuers on the application specifics, the regulator's recent request for updates indicates potential approval.
Despite growing optimism, these issuers still need SEC approval on the ETF registration statements before trading can commence. There's no set time frame for this, meaning Ether ETFs may take several months to begin trading.
The SEC's move represents a potential triumph for the cryptocurrency industry, given the regulator's historical hesitance amid concerns around market manipulation, especially overseen by crypto skeptic, Gary Gensler. The first Ether ETF applications were filed after the SEC approved ETFs tied to Ether futures in October, but rejection was expected due to discouraging encounters with the regulator. Last year, however, the SEC was compelled to approve Bitcoin ETFs following a successful court challenge by Grayscale Investments. This paved the way for significant buying interest, with two new Bitcoin funds attracting over $1 billion in assets within the first week.
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Federal Court Blocks Trump Tariffs; White House AppealsThe U.S. Court of International Trade ruled on May 28 that Trump exceeded his authority by using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose the tariffs. The court held that IEEPA, typically used for sanctions, does not authorize tariffs and that such power resides solely with Congress.
The Trump administration filed its appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit immediately after the decision. White House spokesperson Kush Desai asserted, “It is not for unelected judges to decide how to properly address a national emergency.” Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller denounced the ruling on social media as a “judicial coup,” reflecting the administration’s stance that courts cannot limit presidential emergency actions.
Trump announced the tariffs on April 2, declaring the U.S. trade deficit an “unusual and extraordinary threat” justifying a national emergency. The policy imposed a universal 10% baseline tariff on most imports, plus additional “reciprocal” tariffs ranging from 11% to 50% on approximately 60 targeted nations.
The ruling resulted from lawsuits filed by small businesses, including Oregon-based wine importer V.O.S. Selections, and a coalition of states led by Oregon. They argued the trade deficit did not meet IEEPA’s emergency threshold and that the tariffs unconstitutionally bypassed Congress.
Economists and business groups warned the tariffs would raise consumer prices. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon noted they would contribute to inflationary pressures. Importers faced immediate cost increases, with China facing massive rate hikes, creating market uncertainty and supply chain reassessments. Equities, crypto assets, and precious metal markets have all reacted to Trump’s tariff ideas.
The appeal is now pending before the Federal Circuit. Legal experts anticipate the case may ultimately reach the Supreme Court, given its significant constitutional questions regarding executive power in trade policy. Existing tariffs under separate authority remain unaffected.
#PEPEATH
#OopsieDaisy
#InnovationAhead
#UnicornChannel
#JohnCarl
Federal Court Blocks Trump Tariffs; White House Appeals
The U.S. Court of International Trade ruled on May 28 that Trump exceeded his authority by using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose the tariffs. The court held that IEEPA, typically used for sanctions, does not authorize tariffs and that such power resides solely with Congress.
The Trump administration filed its appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit immediately after the decision. White House spokesperson Kush Desai asserted, “It is not for unelected judges to decide how to properly address a national emergency.” Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller denounced the ruling on social media as a “judicial coup,” reflecting the administration’s stance that courts cannot limit presidential emergency actions.
Trump announced the tariffs on April 2, declaring the U.S. trade deficit an “unusual and extraordinary threat” justifying a national emergency. The policy imposed a universal 10% baseline tariff on most imports, plus additional “reciprocal” tariffs ranging from 11% to 50% on approximately 60 targeted nations.
The ruling resulted from lawsuits filed by small businesses, including Oregon-based wine importer V.O.S. Selections, and a coalition of states led by Oregon. They argued the trade deficit did not meet IEEPA’s emergency threshold and that the tariffs unconstitutionally bypassed Congress.
Economists and business groups warned the tariffs would raise consumer prices. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon noted they would contribute to inflationary pressures. Importers faced immediate cost increases, with China facing massive rate hikes, creating market uncertainty and supply chain reassessments. Equities, crypto assets, and precious metal markets have all reacted to Trump’s tariff ideas.
The appeal is now pending before the Federal Circuit. Legal experts anticipate the case may ultimately reach the Supreme Court, given its significant constitutional questions regarding executive power in trade policy. Existing tariffs under separate authority remain unaffected.
#PEPEATH
#OopsieDaisy
#InnovationAhead
#UnicornChannel
#JohnCarl
The Trump administration filed its appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit immediately after the decision. White House spokesperson Kush Desai asserted, “It is not for unelected judges to decide how to properly address a national emergency.” Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller denounced the ruling on social media as a “judicial coup,” reflecting the administration’s stance that courts cannot limit presidential emergency actions.
Trump announced the tariffs on April 2, declaring the U.S. trade deficit an “unusual and extraordinary threat” justifying a national emergency. The policy imposed a universal 10% baseline tariff on most imports, plus additional “reciprocal” tariffs ranging from 11% to 50% on approximately 60 targeted nations.
The ruling resulted from lawsuits filed by small businesses, including Oregon-based wine importer V.O.S. Selections, and a coalition of states led by Oregon. They argued the trade deficit did not meet IEEPA’s emergency threshold and that the tariffs unconstitutionally bypassed Congress.
Economists and business groups warned the tariffs would raise consumer prices. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon noted they would contribute to inflationary pressures. Importers faced immediate cost increases, with China facing massive rate hikes, creating market uncertainty and supply chain reassessments. Equities, crypto assets, and precious metal markets have all reacted to Trump’s tariff ideas.
The appeal is now pending before the Federal Circuit. Legal experts anticipate the case may ultimately reach the Supreme Court, given its significant constitutional questions regarding executive power in trade policy. Existing tariffs under separate authority remain unaffected.
#PEPEATH
#OopsieDaisy
#InnovationAhead
#UnicornChannel
#JohnCarl
1
BOJ Hike Watch: Why Japan’s Next Move Has Traders on Edge WorldwideLast week, the U.S. Federal Reserve trimmed the federal funds rate by a quarter point, and markets are now betting that the January Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting delivers no adjustment. Attention has since shifted to the Bank of Japan (BOJ), where expectations are building that the central bank will lift its short-term interbank rate next week.
Japan’s central bank is set to convene its Monetary Policy Meeting (MPM) on Dec. 18–19, 2025, with the decision expected on the second day. Markets are bracing for a possible increase to 0.75% from 0.5%, a move that would formally close the chapter on the world’s last remaining negative interest rate regime. When it comes to interest rates, Japan has long stood apart as a global outlier.
The BOJ has persisted with negative short-term rates and tight control over long-term bond yields through its Yield Curve Control (YCC) framework, even as other major central banks moved on to rate increases. Many analysts believe this marks the definitive end of the “Carry Trade.”
In simple terms, the strategy involved borrowing low-cost yen and deploying it into higher-yielding assets overseas. The trade only holds together as long as yen funding stays exceptionally cheap and the currency remains steady or drifts lower. At present, leading prediction markets Polymarket and Kalshi are signaling strong odds that the BOJ will deliver a 25 basis point (bps) increase.
Polymarket traders are overwhelmingly penciling in a quarter-point rate increase from the BOJ, with probabilities hovering near 98%. Every other scenario — no change, a larger move, or a cut — has been largely cast aside, each sitting at 2% or lower, reflecting a near lock that a quarter-point step is the market’s central expectation.
Kalshi traders echo that conviction. A 21–40 basis-point hike at the BOJ meeting next week carries roughly 95% odds, while the chances of no change rest near 2% and a cut barely registers at under 1%. In plain terms, the market is wagering that Japan’s central bank is ready to act. For Federal Reserve rate decisions, traders can lean on the CME Fedwatch tool to gauge expectations ahead of each meeting, while there is no comparable tool for tracking BOJ rate moves.
However, to estimate the odds of a BOJ hike, individuals or institutions can look to futures pricing — specifically 3-Month TONA futures, which capture how traders are wagering on future interest rates. At present, the implied average rate blends the current 0.5% for the early part of the period with the possibility of a higher level later on.
When that figure is weighed against today’s rate and adjusted for timing, the calculation points to roughly an 89% chance of a quarter-point increase.
Many believe this particular rate increase may affect equities and crypto assets. U.S. stocks ended lower on Friday across the board, led by a sharp Nasdaq drop of nearly 400 points. The Dow, S&P 500, and NYSE Composite also closed in the red.
In Japan, data shows the Nikkei closing near 50,800 and the Topix around 3,420, pointing to broad gains after a session that opened with uneven trading. Some observers now expect bitcoin to retreat on a BOJ rate hike, a view gaining traction on X as users circulate the theory. “Bank of Japan is set to hike rates +25 bps on Dec 19. Japan = largest holder of US government debt,” one user wrote. “Every BoJ rate hike → Bitcoin dumps over 20%+”
Another user, sharing a chart, added: “Japan rate hikes’ effect on bitcoin—The next one is most likely on Friday, 19th.” That view has fueled speculation that the move could act as another trigger pushing BTC toward the $75,000 range. Whether that scenario plays out remains an open question and will not be answered until the BOJ makes its move. BTC is already down 29% from its $126,000-plus all-time high, and another hit to its valuation could prove painful.
Theories like these are scattered widely across X and other social media platforms. For now, markets remain in wait-and-see mode, with the BOJ holding the final card. Prediction markets, futures pricing, and social media chatter all point to a rate hike, but conviction does not equal certainty. If Japan does move, global ripples are likely, testing everything from equity momentum to bitcoin’s resolve.
Until that decision lands, traders are left navigating probabilities, not outcomes, and positioning for a moment that could reset expectations fast.
#PEPEATH
#kdmrcrypto
#VeChainNodeMarketplace
#BinanceHerYerde
#xmucan
BOJ Hike Watch: Why Japan’s Next Move Has Traders on Edge Worldwide
Last week, the U.S. Federal Reserve trimmed the federal funds rate by a quarter point, and markets are now betting that the January Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting delivers no adjustment. Attention has since shifted to the Bank of Japan (BOJ), where expectations are building that the central bank will lift its short-term interbank rate next week.
Japan’s central bank is set to convene its Monetary Policy Meeting (MPM) on Dec. 18–19, 2025, with the decision expected on the second day. Markets are bracing for a possible increase to 0.75% from 0.5%, a move that would formally close the chapter on the world’s last remaining negative interest rate regime. When it comes to interest rates, Japan has long stood apart as a global outlier.
The BOJ has persisted with negative short-term rates and tight control over long-term bond yields through its Yield Curve Control (YCC) framework, even as other major central banks moved on to rate increases. Many analysts believe this marks the definitive end of the “Carry Trade.”
In simple terms, the strategy involved borrowing low-cost yen and deploying it into higher-yielding assets overseas. The trade only holds together as long as yen funding stays exceptionally cheap and the currency remains steady or drifts lower. At present, leading prediction markets Polymarket and Kalshi are signaling strong odds that the BOJ will deliver a 25 basis point (bps) increase.
Polymarket traders are overwhelmingly penciling in a quarter-point rate increase from the BOJ, with probabilities hovering near 98%. Every other scenario — no change, a larger move, or a cut — has been largely cast aside, each sitting at 2% or lower, reflecting a near lock that a quarter-point step is the market’s central expectation.
Kalshi traders echo that conviction. A 21–40 basis-point hike at the BOJ meeting next week carries roughly 95% odds, while the chances of no change rest near 2% and a cut barely registers at under 1%. In plain terms, the market is wagering that Japan’s central bank is ready to act. For Federal Reserve rate decisions, traders can lean on the CME Fedwatch tool to gauge expectations ahead of each meeting, while there is no comparable tool for tracking BOJ rate moves.
However, to estimate the odds of a BOJ hike, individuals or institutions can look to futures pricing — specifically 3-Month TONA futures, which capture how traders are wagering on future interest rates. At present, the implied average rate blends the current 0.5% for the early part of the period with the possibility of a higher level later on.
When that figure is weighed against today’s rate and adjusted for timing, the calculation points to roughly an 89% chance of a quarter-point increase.
Many believe this particular rate increase may affect equities and crypto assets. U.S. stocks ended lower on Friday across the board, led by a sharp Nasdaq drop of nearly 400 points. The Dow, S&P 500, and NYSE Composite also closed in the red.
In Japan, data shows the Nikkei closing near 50,800 and the Topix around 3,420, pointing to broad gains after a session that opened with uneven trading. Some observers now expect bitcoin to retreat on a BOJ rate hike, a view gaining traction on X as users circulate the theory. “Bank of Japan is set to hike rates +25 bps on Dec 19. Japan = largest holder of US government debt,” one user wrote. “Every BoJ rate hike → Bitcoin dumps over 20%+”
Another user, sharing a chart, added: “Japan rate hikes’ effect on bitcoin—The next one is most likely on Friday, 19th.” That view has fueled speculation that the move could act as another trigger pushing BTC toward the $75,000 range. Whether that scenario plays out remains an open question and will not be answered until the BOJ makes its move. BTC is already down 29% from its $126,000-plus all-time high, and another hit to its valuation could prove painful.
Theories like these are scattered widely across X and other social media platforms. For now, markets remain in wait-and-see mode, with the BOJ holding the final card. Prediction markets, futures pricing, and social media chatter all point to a rate hike, but conviction does not equal certainty. If Japan does move, global ripples are likely, testing everything from equity momentum to bitcoin’s resolve.
Until that decision lands, traders are left navigating probabilities, not outcomes, and positioning for a moment that could reset expectations fast.
#PEPEATH
#kdmrcrypto
#VeChainNodeMarketplace
#BinanceHerYerde
#xmucan
Japan’s central bank is set to convene its Monetary Policy Meeting (MPM) on Dec. 18–19, 2025, with the decision expected on the second day. Markets are bracing for a possible increase to 0.75% from 0.5%, a move that would formally close the chapter on the world’s last remaining negative interest rate regime. When it comes to interest rates, Japan has long stood apart as a global outlier.
The BOJ has persisted with negative short-term rates and tight control over long-term bond yields through its Yield Curve Control (YCC) framework, even as other major central banks moved on to rate increases. Many analysts believe this marks the definitive end of the “Carry Trade.”
In simple terms, the strategy involved borrowing low-cost yen and deploying it into higher-yielding assets overseas. The trade only holds together as long as yen funding stays exceptionally cheap and the currency remains steady or drifts lower. At present, leading prediction markets Polymarket and Kalshi are signaling strong odds that the BOJ will deliver a 25 basis point (bps) increase.
Polymarket traders are overwhelmingly penciling in a quarter-point rate increase from the BOJ, with probabilities hovering near 98%. Every other scenario — no change, a larger move, or a cut — has been largely cast aside, each sitting at 2% or lower, reflecting a near lock that a quarter-point step is the market’s central expectation.
Kalshi traders echo that conviction. A 21–40 basis-point hike at the BOJ meeting next week carries roughly 95% odds, while the chances of no change rest near 2% and a cut barely registers at under 1%. In plain terms, the market is wagering that Japan’s central bank is ready to act. For Federal Reserve rate decisions, traders can lean on the CME Fedwatch tool to gauge expectations ahead of each meeting, while there is no comparable tool for tracking BOJ rate moves.
However, to estimate the odds of a BOJ hike, individuals or institutions can look to futures pricing — specifically 3-Month TONA futures, which capture how traders are wagering on future interest rates. At present, the implied average rate blends the current 0.5% for the early part of the period with the possibility of a higher level later on.
When that figure is weighed against today’s rate and adjusted for timing, the calculation points to roughly an 89% chance of a quarter-point increase.
Many believe this particular rate increase may affect equities and crypto assets. U.S. stocks ended lower on Friday across the board, led by a sharp Nasdaq drop of nearly 400 points. The Dow, S&P 500, and NYSE Composite also closed in the red.
In Japan, data shows the Nikkei closing near 50,800 and the Topix around 3,420, pointing to broad gains after a session that opened with uneven trading. Some observers now expect bitcoin to retreat on a BOJ rate hike, a view gaining traction on X as users circulate the theory. “Bank of Japan is set to hike rates +25 bps on Dec 19. Japan = largest holder of US government debt,” one user wrote. “Every BoJ rate hike → Bitcoin dumps over 20%+”
Another user, sharing a chart, added: “Japan rate hikes’ effect on bitcoin—The next one is most likely on Friday, 19th.” That view has fueled speculation that the move could act as another trigger pushing BTC toward the $75,000 range. Whether that scenario plays out remains an open question and will not be answered until the BOJ makes its move. BTC is already down 29% from its $126,000-plus all-time high, and another hit to its valuation could prove painful.
Theories like these are scattered widely across X and other social media platforms. For now, markets remain in wait-and-see mode, with the BOJ holding the final card. Prediction markets, futures pricing, and social media chatter all point to a rate hike, but conviction does not equal certainty. If Japan does move, global ripples are likely, testing everything from equity momentum to bitcoin’s resolve.
Until that decision lands, traders are left navigating probabilities, not outcomes, and positioning for a moment that could reset expectations fast.
#PEPEATH
#kdmrcrypto
#VeChainNodeMarketplace
#BinanceHerYerde
#xmucan
29
Rencana Trading Spot (8-24 Jam ke Depan)
1. Strategi Utama: Buy the Dip (Accumulation)
Entry Zone 1 (Bagus): $0.00000408 – $0.00000410
(Support harian + dekat lower Bollinger)
Entry Zone 2 (Lebih Aman): $0.00000405 – $0.00000406
(Low 24 jam, kalau diuji lagi)
Tambah posisi (Dollar Cost Averaging): Kalau turun ke bawah $0.00000405, beli bertahap maksimal 30-40% dari total rencana beli.
#PEPEATH
Rencana Trading Spot (8-24 Jam ke Depan)
1. Strategi Utama: Buy the Dip (Accumulation)
Entry Zone 1 (Bagus): $0.00000408 – $0.00000410
(Support harian + dekat lower Bollinger)
Entry Zone 2 (Lebih Aman): $0.00000405 – $0.00000406
(Low 24 jam, kalau diuji lagi)
Tambah posisi (Dollar Cost Averaging): Kalau turun ke bawah $0.00000405, beli bertahap maksimal 30-40% dari total rencana beli.
#PEPEATH
1. Strategi Utama: Buy the Dip (Accumulation)
Entry Zone 1 (Bagus): $0.00000408 – $0.00000410
(Support harian + dekat lower Bollinger)
Entry Zone 2 (Lebih Aman): $0.00000405 – $0.00000406
(Low 24 jam, kalau diuji lagi)
Tambah posisi (Dollar Cost Averaging): Kalau turun ke bawah $0.00000405, beli bertahap maksimal 30-40% dari total rencana beli.
#PEPEATH
145
What Is ERC-8004? Ethereum’s New Agent Standard Powers Thousands of Onchain AI IdentitiesERC-8004, formally titled “Trustless Agents,” is an Ethereum Improvement Proposal introduced in August 2025 to create a decentralized trust infrastructure for autonomous AI agents. Designed to let agents discover, evaluate, and interact with one another without centralized gatekeepers, the proposal went live in reference deployments on Ethereum mainnet in late January 2026.
In plain terms, ERC-8004 answers a simple but critical question: How do machines trust each other on the internet without humans playing referee?
The proposal was authored by Marco De Rossi, Davide Crapis, Jordan Ellis, and Erik Reppel, and published as EIP-8004 in August 2025. The standard builds on existing Ethereum primitives, including EIP-155, EIP-712, and ERC-721, extending them to support machine-native identities and reputations.
It is part of a broader movement to formalize what many are calling the “agent economy” — a world where AI systems transact, negotiate, and perform services autonomously.
At its core, ERC-8004 introduces three onchain registries: Identity, Reputation, and Validation.
The Identity Registry mints each agent as an ERC-721 token, assigning it a globally unique identifier. That NFT points to a registration file describing what the agent does, where it operates, and how to contact it. Think of it as a decentralized passport for AI.
The Reputation Registry allows clients — human or machine — to leave structured feedback, including fixed-point scores, tags, and references to off-chain evidence. That feedback is tamper-evident and queryable onchain, enabling composable trust.
The Validation Registry supports third-party verification of high-stakes tasks, allowing validators to respond with scores between 0 and 100 and optionally attach cryptographic proof. For anything serious — financial advice, model outputs, automated trading — this layer adds teeth.
ERC-8004 is EVM-native and deployed on Ethereum and compatible networks. According to 8004scan.io, there are currently 21,562 registered agents across major EVM chains. Some counts are even higher and nearing 30,000. The data from 8004scan.io indicates that the distribution across networks shows clear concentration in a handful of hubs. The popular blockchain explorer, Etherscan, is also indexing agents as well.
Ethereum leads with 11,369 registered agents, followed by Base with 4,379 and Gnosis with 2,679. BNB Smart Chain accounts for 2,317 agents, while mid-tier deployments include Monad with 128, Optimism with 124, Arbitrum with 110, Polygon with 107 and Linea with 101. Avalanche hosts 98 agents, X Layer has 100, and Celo records 20. Smaller footprints appear on Abstract with 19, MegaETH with 4, Taiko with 3, Scroll with 2 and Mantle with 2, while Plasma currently shows no registered agents.
Ethereum remains the gravitational center, but Layer 2 networks such as Base are quickly establishing themselves as agent hubs.
Existing protocols like MCP and A2A allow agents to advertise capabilities and authenticate with one another. What they do not natively provide is open discovery and portable trust across organizational boundaries.
Instead of relying on centralized marketplaces or curated directories, agents can publish capabilities onchain, accumulate reputation signals and optionally request third-party validation. The result is a neutral infrastructure layer where trust becomes programmable.
With tens of thousands of agents already registered across a myriad of EVM chains, the experiment is no longer theoretical. It is live, indexed, and growing.
Whether this becomes the backbone of a multibillion-dollar agent economy or simply an evolutionary stepping stone will depend on adoption, tooling, and community governance. But one thing is clear: ERC-8004 is giving AI agents a blockchain-native résumé — and letting the market, or agentic economy, decide who earns five stars.
#Notcoin👀🔥
#MegadropLista
#ONDO
#PEPEATH
#QueencryptoNews
What Is ERC-8004? Ethereum’s New Agent Standard Powers Thousands of Onchain AI Identities
ERC-8004, formally titled “Trustless Agents,” is an Ethereum Improvement Proposal introduced in August 2025 to create a decentralized trust infrastructure for autonomous AI agents. Designed to let agents discover, evaluate, and interact with one another without centralized gatekeepers, the proposal went live in reference deployments on Ethereum mainnet in late January 2026.
In plain terms, ERC-8004 answers a simple but critical question: How do machines trust each other on the internet without humans playing referee?
The proposal was authored by Marco De Rossi, Davide Crapis, Jordan Ellis, and Erik Reppel, and published as EIP-8004 in August 2025. The standard builds on existing Ethereum primitives, including EIP-155, EIP-712, and ERC-721, extending them to support machine-native identities and reputations.
It is part of a broader movement to formalize what many are calling the “agent economy” — a world where AI systems transact, negotiate, and perform services autonomously.
At its core, ERC-8004 introduces three onchain registries: Identity, Reputation, and Validation.
The Identity Registry mints each agent as an ERC-721 token, assigning it a globally unique identifier. That NFT points to a registration file describing what the agent does, where it operates, and how to contact it. Think of it as a decentralized passport for AI.
The Reputation Registry allows clients — human or machine — to leave structured feedback, including fixed-point scores, tags, and references to off-chain evidence. That feedback is tamper-evident and queryable onchain, enabling composable trust.
The Validation Registry supports third-party verification of high-stakes tasks, allowing validators to respond with scores between 0 and 100 and optionally attach cryptographic proof. For anything serious — financial advice, model outputs, automated trading — this layer adds teeth.
ERC-8004 is EVM-native and deployed on Ethereum and compatible networks. According to 8004scan.io, there are currently 21,562 registered agents across major EVM chains. Some counts are even higher and nearing 30,000. The data from 8004scan.io indicates that the distribution across networks shows clear concentration in a handful of hubs. The popular blockchain explorer, Etherscan, is also indexing agents as well.
Ethereum leads with 11,369 registered agents, followed by Base with 4,379 and Gnosis with 2,679. BNB Smart Chain accounts for 2,317 agents, while mid-tier deployments include Monad with 128, Optimism with 124, Arbitrum with 110, Polygon with 107 and Linea with 101. Avalanche hosts 98 agents, X Layer has 100, and Celo records 20. Smaller footprints appear on Abstract with 19, MegaETH with 4, Taiko with 3, Scroll with 2 and Mantle with 2, while Plasma currently shows no registered agents.
Ethereum remains the gravitational center, but Layer 2 networks such as Base are quickly establishing themselves as agent hubs.
Existing protocols like MCP and A2A allow agents to advertise capabilities and authenticate with one another. What they do not natively provide is open discovery and portable trust across organizational boundaries.
Instead of relying on centralized marketplaces or curated directories, agents can publish capabilities onchain, accumulate reputation signals and optionally request third-party validation. The result is a neutral infrastructure layer where trust becomes programmable.
With tens of thousands of agents already registered across a myriad of EVM chains, the experiment is no longer theoretical. It is live, indexed, and growing.
Whether this becomes the backbone of a multibillion-dollar agent economy or simply an evolutionary stepping stone will depend on adoption, tooling, and community governance. But one thing is clear: ERC-8004 is giving AI agents a blockchain-native résumé — and letting the market, or agentic economy, decide who earns five stars.
#Notcoin👀🔥
#MegadropLista
#ONDO
#PEPEATH
#QueencryptoNews
In plain terms, ERC-8004 answers a simple but critical question: How do machines trust each other on the internet without humans playing referee?
The proposal was authored by Marco De Rossi, Davide Crapis, Jordan Ellis, and Erik Reppel, and published as EIP-8004 in August 2025. The standard builds on existing Ethereum primitives, including EIP-155, EIP-712, and ERC-721, extending them to support machine-native identities and reputations.
It is part of a broader movement to formalize what many are calling the “agent economy” — a world where AI systems transact, negotiate, and perform services autonomously.
At its core, ERC-8004 introduces three onchain registries: Identity, Reputation, and Validation.
The Identity Registry mints each agent as an ERC-721 token, assigning it a globally unique identifier. That NFT points to a registration file describing what the agent does, where it operates, and how to contact it. Think of it as a decentralized passport for AI.
The Reputation Registry allows clients — human or machine — to leave structured feedback, including fixed-point scores, tags, and references to off-chain evidence. That feedback is tamper-evident and queryable onchain, enabling composable trust.
The Validation Registry supports third-party verification of high-stakes tasks, allowing validators to respond with scores between 0 and 100 and optionally attach cryptographic proof. For anything serious — financial advice, model outputs, automated trading — this layer adds teeth.
ERC-8004 is EVM-native and deployed on Ethereum and compatible networks. According to 8004scan.io, there are currently 21,562 registered agents across major EVM chains. Some counts are even higher and nearing 30,000. The data from 8004scan.io indicates that the distribution across networks shows clear concentration in a handful of hubs. The popular blockchain explorer, Etherscan, is also indexing agents as well.
Ethereum leads with 11,369 registered agents, followed by Base with 4,379 and Gnosis with 2,679. BNB Smart Chain accounts for 2,317 agents, while mid-tier deployments include Monad with 128, Optimism with 124, Arbitrum with 110, Polygon with 107 and Linea with 101. Avalanche hosts 98 agents, X Layer has 100, and Celo records 20. Smaller footprints appear on Abstract with 19, MegaETH with 4, Taiko with 3, Scroll with 2 and Mantle with 2, while Plasma currently shows no registered agents.
Ethereum remains the gravitational center, but Layer 2 networks such as Base are quickly establishing themselves as agent hubs.
Existing protocols like MCP and A2A allow agents to advertise capabilities and authenticate with one another. What they do not natively provide is open discovery and portable trust across organizational boundaries.
Instead of relying on centralized marketplaces or curated directories, agents can publish capabilities onchain, accumulate reputation signals and optionally request third-party validation. The result is a neutral infrastructure layer where trust becomes programmable.
With tens of thousands of agents already registered across a myriad of EVM chains, the experiment is no longer theoretical. It is live, indexed, and growing.
Whether this becomes the backbone of a multibillion-dollar agent economy or simply an evolutionary stepping stone will depend on adoption, tooling, and community governance. But one thing is clear: ERC-8004 is giving AI agents a blockchain-native résumé — and letting the market, or agentic economy, decide who earns five stars.
#Notcoin👀🔥
#MegadropLista
#ONDO
#PEPEATH
#QueencryptoNews
21
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Bajista
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فشل الاختراق: السعر حاول مراراً تجاوز القمة الأخيرة وفشل، مما يعزز سيطرة "الدببة" على السوق.
⚠️ نصيحة: التداول برافعة مالية مخاطرة كبيرة، التزم بوقف الخسارة ولا تلاحق السعر إذا انعكس.
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🛠 تفاصيل صفقة الهبوط (Short Setup):
نقطة الدخول (Entry): ما بين سعر 0.00000410 و 0.00000415 (أو عند كسر دعم 0.00000396).
الأهداف التنازلية (Take Profit):
الهدف الأول: 0.00000383
الهدف الثاني: 0.00000365
الهدف الرئيسي: 0.00000350 (هبوط بنسبة 15%)
وقف الخسارة (Stop Loss): إغلاق شمعة ساعة فوق 0.00000422.
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فشل الاختراق: السعر حاول مراراً تجاوز القمة الأخيرة وفشل، مما يعزز سيطرة "الدببة" على السوق.
⚠️ نصيحة: التداول برافعة مالية مخاطرة كبيرة، التزم بوقف الخسارة ولا تلاحق السعر إذا انعكس.
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لا تدع الشموع الخضراء تخدعك. عملة $PEPE تقف الآن أمام جدار صد خرساني عند 0.00000417، والمؤشرات الفنية تصرخ "بيع" (Sell) قبل التصحيح الكبير.
🛠 تفاصيل صفقة الهبوط (Short Setup):
نقطة الدخول (Entry): ما بين سعر 0.00000410 و 0.00000415 (أو عند كسر دعم 0.00000396).
الأهداف التنازلية (Take Profit):
الهدف الأول: 0.00000383
الهدف الثاني: 0.00000365
الهدف الرئيسي: 0.00000350 (هبوط بنسبة 15%)
وقف الخسارة (Stop Loss): إغلاق شمعة ساعة فوق 0.00000422.
لماذا نفتح صفقة هبوط $PEPE الآن؟
سيولة الحيتان: رصد تدفقات خارجة بقيمة 43M دولار، مما يعني أن "الأيدي القوية" بدأت بالخروج.
فشل الاختراق: السعر حاول مراراً تجاوز القمة الأخيرة وفشل، مما يعزز سيطرة "الدببة" على السوق.
⚠️ نصيحة: التداول برافعة مالية مخاطرة كبيرة، التزم بوقف الخسارة ولا تلاحق السعر إذا انعكس.
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2
1.2k
I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len SaFor most of the 18 years since the nine-page Bitcoin whitepaper was published on Oct. 31, 2008, amid the turmoil of the great financial crisis, many have rightly or wrongly speculated about the identity of its pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.
Attempts to unveil Satoshi have continued ever since, spurred on by the pseudonymous creator's disappearance from public view in 2011. A Newsweek story in 2014 focused on Japanese American systems engineer Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, while others theorized that Bitcoin could be a CIA-controlled project, to which one expert in the documentary quipped, "I don't think our government is competent enough to do something that smart."
While the ideas put forth in many similar documentaries were ultimately dismissed, "Finding Satoshi," directed by Tucker Tooley and Matthew Miele, attempts to avoid rehashing existing theories with a character-driven investigation that, while surfacing many familiar names, reaches an interesting conclusion.
The film, viewed in advance of its release by The Block, depicts a four-year investigation led by New York Times author, financial journalist, and former M&A investment banker William D. Cohan alongside Quest Research and Investigations' team of private investigators led by Tyler Maroney, drawing on experts across cryptography, programming, and linguistics.
Cohan had originally set out on the documentary interviewing various figureheads from within the industry, including Katie Haun, the former DOJ prosecutor who led investigations tied to Silk Road and Mt. Gox and later founder and CEO of Haun Ventures; Brian Brookes, the former CLO at Coinbase, CEO at BinanceUS, CEO at Bitfury and Acting Comptroller of the Currency; and Joseph Lubin, co-founder of Ethereum and CEO of Consensys. However, he found little willingness to engage directly on the question of Satoshi's identity.
Cohan told The Block he is not entirely sure why they were so reluctant. "Part of it was, I think, that it was just irrelevant more than a decade after Satoshi wrote his whitepaper and Bitcoin was born," he said. "So, why bother? Part of it, too, might have been that what if we discovered that Satoshi was an evil person… that news could destroy the wealth that they had built up in their bitcoin ownership. In any event, it spurred us all on to try to uncover Satoshi's identity — and I think we did."
So instead, Cohan turned to Maroney and the broader QRI team. QRI's focus is on investigations in the public interest that are very difficult to crack, according to Maroney, and sought to approach the task with empirical evidence and expert testimony from people that Cohan and many earlier documentaries had not spoken to.
QRI outlined six of the most credible, yet usual suspects: Adam Back, cryptographer, CEO of Blockstream, and creator of the Bitcoin whitepaper-referenced Hashcash; Nick Szabo, computer scientist, and creator of Bitcoin precursor Bit Gold; Hal Finney, software developer, creator of Hashcash successor RPOW (Reusable Proof of Work), and the first recipient of bitcoin from Satoshi Nakamoto; Len Sassaman, systems engineer and academic; Paul Le Roux, encryption programmer, and convicted criminal; and Wei Dai, computer engineer and creator of Bitcoin precursor B-money, also referenced in the whitepaper.
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'I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin's co-creators
By James Hunt
People•April 22, 2026, 9:01AM EDT
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'I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin's co-creators
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“Finding Satoshi” makes the case that Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin’s co-creators, documenting the latest effort to uncover Nakamoto’s identity.
The film follows a four-year investigation led by New York Times bestselling author William D. Cohan and private investigator Tyler Maroney.
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For most of the 18 years since the nine-page Bitcoin whitepaper was published on Oct. 31, 2008, amid the turmoil of the great financial crisis, many have rightly or wrongly speculated about the identity of its pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.
Attempts to unveil Satoshi have continued ever since, spurred on by the pseudonymous creator's disappearance from public view in 2011. A Newsweek story in 2014 focused on Japanese American systems engineer Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, while others theorized that Bitcoin could be a CIA-controlled project, to which one expert in the documentary quipped, "I don't think our government is competent enough to do something that smart."
While the ideas put forth in many similar documentaries were ultimately dismissed, "Finding Satoshi," directed by Tucker Tooley and Matthew Miele, attempts to avoid rehashing existing theories with a character-driven investigation that, while surfacing many familiar names, reaches an interesting conclusion.
The film, viewed in advance of its release by The Block, depicts a four-year investigation led by New York Times author, financial journalist, and former M&A investment banker William D. Cohan alongside Quest Research and Investigations' team of private investigators led by Tyler Maroney, drawing on experts across cryptography, programming, and linguistics.
Cohan had originally set out on the documentary interviewing various figureheads from within the industry, including Katie Haun, the former DOJ prosecutor who led investigations tied to Silk Road and Mt. Gox and later founder and CEO of Haun Ventures; Brian Brookes, the former CLO at Coinbase, CEO at BinanceUS, CEO at Bitfury and Acting Comptroller of the Currency; and Joseph Lubin, co-founder of Ethereum and CEO of Consensys. However, he found little willingness to engage directly on the question of Satoshi's identity.
Cohan told The Block he is not entirely sure why they were so reluctant. "Part of it was, I think, that it was just irrelevant more than a decade after Satoshi wrote his whitepaper and Bitcoin was born," he said. "So, why bother? Part of it, too, might have been that what if we discovered that Satoshi was an evil person… that news could destroy the wealth that they had built up in their bitcoin ownership. In any event, it spurred us all on to try to uncover Satoshi's identity — and I think we did."
So instead, Cohan turned to Maroney and the broader QRI team. QRI's focus is on investigations in the public interest that are very difficult to crack, according to Maroney, and sought to approach the task with empirical evidence and expert testimony from people that Cohan and many earlier documentaries had not spoken to.
The candidates
QRI outlined six of the most credible, yet usual suspects: Adam Back, cryptographer, CEO of Blockstream, and creator of the Bitcoin whitepaper-referenced Hashcash; Nick Szabo, computer scientist, and creator of Bitcoin precursor Bit Gold; Hal Finney, software developer, creator of Hashcash successor RPOW (Reusable Proof of Work), and the first recipient of bitcoin from Satoshi Nakamoto; Len Sassaman, systems engineer and academic; Paul Le Roux, encryption programmer, and convicted criminal; and Wei Dai, computer engineer and creator of Bitcoin precursor B-money, also referenced in the whitepaper.
One of the first people QRI spoke to was Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++, the programming language used for Bitcoin, who said, looking at the Bitcoin code, that Satoshi Nakamoto was a "reasonably good C++ programmer for the time," that would have been proficient in C++, not just C — with Back, Dai, and Le Roux all fitting the bill. Szabo and Sassaman were not known to write in C++, and Finney was less known to use it.
Another link the investigators highlighted was that all of the candidates, except Le Roux, were very active in a 1990s group of coders called the cypherpunks, who had a very libertarian-leaning philosophy.
Phil Zimmerman, who founded PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), which created true email encryption, is seen by many as the "OG cypherpunk," with both Finney and Sassaman having previously worked at PGP for Zimmerman.
Asked by Maroney whether anyone he worked with at PGP could have been part of the formative team that put together Bitcoin, Zimmerman was visibly reluctant to answer. While focusing on email encryption, PGP also explored several other areas, including digital cash.
Finney and Sassaman
Maroney spoke to Alyssa Blackburn, a data scientist at the Baylor College of Medicine and specialist in early Bitcoin mining. She identified around 64 major players during the first two years of Bitcoin, including a lot of metadata on Satoshi Nakamoto's mining and communications activities, which she said provides an idea of their "digital rhythms."
Her analysis of Satoshi Nakamoto's activity shows they were predominantly active between 6 a.m. PST and 10 p.m. PST, suggesting North or South American time zones. Overlaying that with the remaining candidates and their known online activity, including the metzdowd cryptography mailing list that the Bitcoin whitepaper was distributed through, Blackburn surmised that only Finney and Sassaman matched Satoshi Nakamoto's activity profile. She argued it was "inconceivable" that Back, Szabo, or Dai could be Satoshi Nakamoto based on that analysis.
The New York Times recently suggested Back as a leading candidate based on linguistic analysis and circumstantial evidence, including a 2015 email attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto, though its authenticity is widely disputed. Back also strongly denied the NYT's claims.
QRI also looked into the same email. However, Maroney told The Block that multiple sources said it was inconsistent with Satoshi Nakamoto's known writing style and focused on topics, such as bitcoin's price, that Nakamoto did not typically discuss. The email was also not signed using Nakamoto's cryptographic key, a standard method of verifying identity, and may have originated from a compromised account, he added.
From her research, Blackburn said that qualitatively, Finney and Sassaman looked like the most viable candidates.
One of Maroney's concerns about Sassaman was his propensity to "bash" Bitcoin, referencing social media posts in 2010 and 2011 describing it as "bunk" and "overhyped," with its success due to "irrational exuberance."
Cohan and the investigators' concerns over the case for Finney were that he was a coder, not an academic writer, and the Bitcoin whitepaper was an academic paper.
PGP Corp. co-founder Will Price said that, looking at the structure of RPOW, and having spent 15 years working with Finney, he could tell it was coded by Finney instantaneously. However, unlike Hashcash and B-Money, Price noted that RPOW was not credited in the Bitcoin whitepaper, questioning why that would be, as it was "as close to Bitcoin as anything could possibly be."
However, when Maroney tried to make the case against Finney being Satoshi Nakamoto, Price laughed and wished him "good luck." Maroney made the point that Finney was not known for coding in C++, and again Price laughed.
"To an engineer of Hal's caliber, a different language is like chicken versus steak," Price said. "It has no meaning and he can change languages in hours," noting that he was already having to work on C++ tasks at PGP. "A lot of the Bitcoin code is very similar to what Hal does in his normal C++, but then he sticks in some things to throw you off the trail," Price said.
Maroney suggested Price's point seemed to be that Finney intentionally used C++, a language he was not known publicly for, to code in, because it provided "additional cover."
By 2008, Price said the company was running out of things for Finney to do and suggested he just keep working on RPOW — and he thinks that's exactly what happened.
Price explained that there was a two-month gap from Oct. 31, 2008 (the date Bitcoin's whitepaper was published) to early January 2009 (Bitcoin's genesis block), where Finney made no PGP commits. Price said they still knew what his tasks were, and Finney, a remote employee, would send weekly updates, confirming things like he was still working on his Windows fingerprint technology.
"So he's working on C++ on Windows, which is what Bitcoin is written for and in," Price said. "What was going on in those two months that the last two months before the release of the Bitcoin source code, Hal made no commits to the source code at work? What was he working on? I think it was Bitcoin."
Finney passed away due to complications from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in August 2014. Toward the end of Finney's life, PGP Corp. co-founder Jon Callas and Zimmerman took a trip to visit him, where Callas said he asked him if he was Satoshi Nakamoto.
"His answer was, why would I deny being Satoshi if I were because I have a fatal disease. And you know, there's no reason in the world for me to deny it because I'm not going to be around in two or three years, but no, I'm not," Callas recalled. "At the time, I interpreted that as a non-denial and interpreted it as a yes," he said.
But, of course, it would be reasonable to deny it.
"I don't know why you would go through the effort of making everything anonymous, creating a pseudonym, going through all this effort, and then you just start randomly telling people," Price said. "Right? I mean, you're going to be consistent about that or not."
"One of my big takeaways from this meeting is these people miss Hal. They respect Hal, they believe his story finally needs to be told," Maroney reflected. "They want the truth out there. And yeah, maybe Satoshi can never actually move a bitcoin, but three eyewitnesses, experts in the field, friends of Hal's confirming his identity, seem like good corroborating evidence."
Though not noted in the documentary, following the original Newsweek story connecting Finney and Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto in 2014, Forbes and others also pointed out that the pair had both lived in Temple City, a small suburb of Los Angeles with a population of around 35,000, just a few blocks away from one another. While this doesn't prove anything, many have speculated on the coincidence and suggested that Finney may have used local directories at the time for inspiration on the pseudonym.
"We were well aware of this, confirmed what others had previously found, worked to find any other connections between Nakamoto and Finney, and ultimately decided not to include it in the film," Maroney told The Block. "I'll note this point can be used to strengthen our case."
A spanner in the works?
Just when he thought they were getting somewhere, Maroney was presented with an October 2023 article from "professional cypherpunk" Jameson Lopp, co-founder and chief security officer of Casa, titled "Hal Finney Was Not Satoshi Nakamoto."
"Researching a lot of Hal's and Satoshi's early activity, I discovered several different conflicts that showed that they were both doing things at the exact same time when Hal could not have been at a computer on the internet," Lopp said in an interview with Maroney.
For example, Lopp looked at back and forth emails and a Bitcoin transaction between Satoshi Nakamoto and early Bitcoin developer Mike Hearn with timestamps while Hal Finney was provably running a race.
"From the very simple fact that it's not possible to be in two places at the same time, it's highly unlikely that Satoshi and Hal were the same person," Lopp said.
Maroney said he had a hard time squaring the conversations with the PGP team and Lopp, but went on to ask what other explanations Lopp may have.
"One possible explanation is that Satoshi was a group of people. Whether Hal was like 'in on it' will, I think, never really be able to prove," Lopp said. "But Occam's razor, it's difficult to keep secrets amongst multiple people," he added, echoing Puckett's observations. "Unless they're all dead" — which could also help explain why Satoshi Nakamoto's funds were never moved.
'Unless they're all dead'
At first, Maroney thought Lopp was "blowing up" his theory. "But then I realized he gave me the answer because Hal Finney was not the only candidate who was no longer with us," he said.
So the investigators sought the help of Meredith Patterson, a coder involved in computer security, linguistics, and civil rights. But the real reason they wanted to talk to her was that she is also the widow of Len Sassaman.
Maroney recalled a conversation with PGP's Price about Sassaman's life as an academic and a PhD student focused on anonymity.
"When you look through the whitepapers of Len Sassaman, he was really great at writing whitepapers," Price said. "He would have really cared about checking every reference as they did, the precision and the correctness of every part of that whitepaper. He is the kind of person who would really have gone through that, gotten it right."
"The whitepaper is written in a certain way, that is someone who writes whitepapers," Price continued. "And that's not Hal."
Len lived in Europe during the time Satoshi Nakamoto was active, and despite being American, his writing often contained British spellings and phrases, just like Nakamoto. His PhD advisor was David Chaum, the inventor of DigiCash and widely recognized as the "godfather" of cryptocurrency.
Patterson and Sassaman met at CodeCon, a conference he ran in San Francisco with Bram Cohen, an American computer programmer, best known as the author of the peer-to-peer BitTorrent protocol.
Like Finney, Sassaman suffered from debilitating health conditions, dealing with Crohn's disease and severe calcium depletion in his spine, using a cane by the time he was 30, Patterson said. Sadly, on July 3, 2011, around six months after Satoshi Nakamoto's last public post, Sassaman took his own life.
Back in 2005, Finney had presented RPOW at CodeCon.
"I had read a couple of articles about Hashcash, which was basically the forerunner of RPOW," Petterson told Maroney. "But it was fascinating to see that transformed into a system for actually using it as money."
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Petterson confirmed that Finney and Sassaman were friends, had worked together at PGP, and were "definitely" in touch in 2008. "They were certainly still interacting online," she said.
Asked what she had thought about Bitcoin when she first heard of it, Patterson said she immediately went to read the whitepaper and saw it as a "neat way to get around the central operator." Asked about the use of a pseudonym, she said that it did not surprise her. "Whoever was behind it had definitely been reading the cypherpunk's mailing list. They were familiar with the kinds of problems that the cypherpunks were interested in solving," she said.
Sassaman was also an expert in stylometric anonymization, small stylistic changes to writing that blur the fingerprints used to help identify who wrote it. Something that could explain the inconclusive analysis of the Bitcoin whitepaper.
Discussing the theory that Sassaman's talents could have complemented Finney's in the creation of Bitcoin, Patterson said she thinks it is plausible. "Is it possible that Len would have helped Hal and not told you?" Maroney asked. "Oh, yes, absolutely," she said.
The skills and experience needed to create Bitcoin
BitTorrent's Cohen, who had known both Finney and Sassaman, described Sassaman as his best friend, having been roommates for a long time. In a series of social media posts in 2021, Cohen said: "Len posted pseudonymously on the cypherpunks list constantly, including at least one fleshed-out and long-lived handle."
"The implication with that one seemed to be that it was Hal or Len or some combination of the two, very unsure though," Cohen added. "Len also tried to get me to publish BitTorrent pseudonymously, which seems indicative of something."
Asked by Maroney why he personally saw Finney and Sassaman as Bitcoin's creators, Cohen said they knew each other, and they both had a pattern of posting pseudonymously to cypherpunks. "What they liked doing exactly matched, you know, what we know about Satoshi Nakamoto, because Satoshi, first and foremost, was a cypherpunk," he said.
In terms of the skills and experience needed to create Bitcoin, Cohen said Finney exhibited those especially, whereas Sassaman would be more of a fit for the human language element of it — hinting at the whitepaper and forum post contributions — which also explains how Finney could have been running a race while Sassaman was acting as Satoshi, Maroney suggested.
But one problem remained. Why would Sassaman publicly bash Bitcoin? "You don't make all your pseudonyms agree with each other about everything or everyone's going to know who your pseudonyms are," Cohen said. "If you have some identity that you're trying to hide, then your normal public persona has very little to gain by agreeing with a hidden identity, particularly if it's some controversial topic like Bitcoin."
Who is Satoshi?
For Maroney, the pieces were falling into place. Meeting with William D. Cohan, he said that, "For the entire investigation, we've been pursuing Satoshi as if he were one person. But all of our evidence is leading to the conclusion that it was two people collaborating."
"If we take all of the circumstantial evidence, all of [the] empirical evidence, and all of the eyewitness testimony, the conclusion is that Hal Finney and Len Sassaman collaborated to create Bitcoin," Maroney said. "That the two of them were Satoshi Nakamoto."
Unlike the early interviewees, some crypto industry insiders were willing to comment on the documentary's conclusions. In a press release accompanying the film's official trailer last month, Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong said: "It's the most thoughtful take on this subject I've seen out there, and I suspect you got to the right answer." Coinbase is also a supporter of the film.
After seeing the documentary, Lopp also reportedly told the filmmakers it was "easily the most expertly produced Bitcoin documentary" he had seen, adding that it is "a plausible take that may finally put an end to chasing ghosts."
Many have criticized attempts to uncover Satoshi's identity, fairly citing potential threats to their families and friends. Participants in the documentary, including Zimmerman, were also wary, describing it as "dangerous" and "people could get hurt."
However, notably in this case, the widows of both Finney and Patterson were willing to take part in the documentary themselves and seemed to agree with the plausibility of the investigation's ultimate conclusions.
"I liked your movie," Fran Finney said. "The reason I [initially] declined to speak with you is because I misunderstood where your movie was going. I had been approached by a number of different projects, and I assumed this project was similar. And most of those projects are just very exploitive. But after I saw the film and what you've done with it so far, I was really touched and impressed and blown away."
Asked if she ever asked her husband if he was Satoshi Nakamoto, Fran Finney said she did, but that he just laughed and said no. "Is it possible he helped build it and didn't tell you?" Maroney said. "Yes, I think he did help build it," she said. "You also brought forth the possibility that I hadn't considered that Hal might have collaborated in the writing of the code for Bitcoin. And I mean, he did. He was excited to write that. The whitepaper itself, I didn't think he wrote. But he could have helped. Making edits for it. So what you present in the film makes sense to me."
Reflecting on the interview with Fran Finney, Maroney said it reminded him of a Forbes interview with Hal Finney shortly before he died. "In the conclusions to the article, Hal was asked if given his contributions to open source cryptography, he could perhaps be considered one of the creators of Bitcoin," Maroney said.
PGP's Will Price also picked up on the same thing. "When he phrased it the final way, which was whether he's one of the creators of Bitcoin, Hal raised his eyes and eyebrows, which in the article is identified as his way of saying yes," Price said. "And he asked him if he was proud of that work. And Finney raised his eyes and he smiled."
"I think, for Hal, it was always true to say that he didn't create Bitcoin. He didn't create Bitcoin, it was a team. But if you ask him, are you one of the creators of Bitcoin? Yes," Price said. "At this point, I think it's better that people understand that these people who are long past did create it. They had all of the best intentions and didn't do it for the money."
"Hal's influence on the world in a number of behind the scenes but extraordinarily important things ought to be valued," PGP's Callas said. "He is the person who is not like what you see out there in the cryptocurrency world and that is why he deserves the accolades because he is proof positive that you don't have to be a horrible person to make a big impact on the world."
"That's his big legacy. He left his footprint. And I'm so proud of him," Fran Finney said.
It's important to note that the documentary emphasized that "based on an extensive investigative review, the filmmakers affirm that there is no evidence or reasonable inference that Fran Finney or Meredith Patterson have any access, direct or indirect, to Satoshi Nakamoto's private keys."
"I admire Hal and Len almost more than anyone I've ever investigated because their motives I learned were so much more beautiful and pure than the motives of most people who want to hide behind something," Maroney concluded. "Usually I'm looking for people who've done something wrong and are hiding behind a mask. But in this case, I was looking for somebody or a few people who did something really creative and innovative. These were
While Satoshi Nakamoto's identity remains uncertain, perhaps never to be provably confirmed, the investigation arguably makes one of the most compelling cases to date that Finney and Sassaman jointly collaborated to launch Bitcoin.
Finding Satoshi was released globally on April 22 via FindingSatoshi.com.
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#VeChainNodeMarketplace
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I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len Sa
For most of the 18 years since the nine-page Bitcoin whitepaper was published on Oct. 31, 2008, amid the turmoil of the great financial crisis, many have rightly or wrongly speculated about the identity of its pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.
Attempts to unveil Satoshi have continued ever since, spurred on by the pseudonymous creator's disappearance from public view in 2011. A Newsweek story in 2014 focused on Japanese American systems engineer Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, while others theorized that Bitcoin could be a CIA-controlled project, to which one expert in the documentary quipped, "I don't think our government is competent enough to do something that smart."
While the ideas put forth in many similar documentaries were ultimately dismissed, "Finding Satoshi," directed by Tucker Tooley and Matthew Miele, attempts to avoid rehashing existing theories with a character-driven investigation that, while surfacing many familiar names, reaches an interesting conclusion.
The film, viewed in advance of its release by The Block, depicts a four-year investigation led by New York Times author, financial journalist, and former M&A investment banker William D. Cohan alongside Quest Research and Investigations' team of private investigators led by Tyler Maroney, drawing on experts across cryptography, programming, and linguistics.
Cohan had originally set out on the documentary interviewing various figureheads from within the industry, including Katie Haun, the former DOJ prosecutor who led investigations tied to Silk Road and Mt. Gox and later founder and CEO of Haun Ventures; Brian Brookes, the former CLO at Coinbase, CEO at BinanceUS, CEO at Bitfury and Acting Comptroller of the Currency; and Joseph Lubin, co-founder of Ethereum and CEO of Consensys. However, he found little willingness to engage directly on the question of Satoshi's identity.
Cohan told The Block he is not entirely sure why they were so reluctant. "Part of it was, I think, that it was just irrelevant more than a decade after Satoshi wrote his whitepaper and Bitcoin was born," he said. "So, why bother? Part of it, too, might have been that what if we discovered that Satoshi was an evil person… that news could destroy the wealth that they had built up in their bitcoin ownership. In any event, it spurred us all on to try to uncover Satoshi's identity — and I think we did."
So instead, Cohan turned to Maroney and the broader QRI team. QRI's focus is on investigations in the public interest that are very difficult to crack, according to Maroney, and sought to approach the task with empirical evidence and expert testimony from people that Cohan and many earlier documentaries had not spoken to.
QRI outlined six of the most credible, yet usual suspects: Adam Back, cryptographer, CEO of Blockstream, and creator of the Bitcoin whitepaper-referenced Hashcash; Nick Szabo, computer scientist, and creator of Bitcoin precursor Bit Gold; Hal Finney, software developer, creator of Hashcash successor RPOW (Reusable Proof of Work), and the first recipient of bitcoin from Satoshi Nakamoto; Len Sassaman, systems engineer and academic; Paul Le Roux, encryption programmer, and convicted criminal; and Wei Dai, computer engineer and creator of Bitcoin precursor B-money, also referenced in the whitepaper.
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feature
'I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin's co-creators
By James Hunt
People•April 22, 2026, 9:01AM EDT
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'I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin's co-creators
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Quick Take
“Finding Satoshi” makes the case that Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin’s co-creators, documenting the latest effort to uncover Nakamoto’s identity.
The film follows a four-year investigation led by New York Times bestselling author William D. Cohan and private investigator Tyler Maroney.
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For most of the 18 years since the nine-page Bitcoin whitepaper was published on Oct. 31, 2008, amid the turmoil of the great financial crisis, many have rightly or wrongly speculated about the identity of its pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.
Attempts to unveil Satoshi have continued ever since, spurred on by the pseudonymous creator's disappearance from public view in 2011. A Newsweek story in 2014 focused on Japanese American systems engineer Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, while others theorized that Bitcoin could be a CIA-controlled project, to which one expert in the documentary quipped, "I don't think our government is competent enough to do something that smart."
While the ideas put forth in many similar documentaries were ultimately dismissed, "Finding Satoshi," directed by Tucker Tooley and Matthew Miele, attempts to avoid rehashing existing theories with a character-driven investigation that, while surfacing many familiar names, reaches an interesting conclusion.
The film, viewed in advance of its release by The Block, depicts a four-year investigation led by New York Times author, financial journalist, and former M&A investment banker William D. Cohan alongside Quest Research and Investigations' team of private investigators led by Tyler Maroney, drawing on experts across cryptography, programming, and linguistics.
Cohan had originally set out on the documentary interviewing various figureheads from within the industry, including Katie Haun, the former DOJ prosecutor who led investigations tied to Silk Road and Mt. Gox and later founder and CEO of Haun Ventures; Brian Brookes, the former CLO at Coinbase, CEO at BinanceUS, CEO at Bitfury and Acting Comptroller of the Currency; and Joseph Lubin, co-founder of Ethereum and CEO of Consensys. However, he found little willingness to engage directly on the question of Satoshi's identity.
Cohan told The Block he is not entirely sure why they were so reluctant. "Part of it was, I think, that it was just irrelevant more than a decade after Satoshi wrote his whitepaper and Bitcoin was born," he said. "So, why bother? Part of it, too, might have been that what if we discovered that Satoshi was an evil person… that news could destroy the wealth that they had built up in their bitcoin ownership. In any event, it spurred us all on to try to uncover Satoshi's identity — and I think we did."
So instead, Cohan turned to Maroney and the broader QRI team. QRI's focus is on investigations in the public interest that are very difficult to crack, according to Maroney, and sought to approach the task with empirical evidence and expert testimony from people that Cohan and many earlier documentaries had not spoken to.
The candidates
QRI outlined six of the most credible, yet usual suspects: Adam Back, cryptographer, CEO of Blockstream, and creator of the Bitcoin whitepaper-referenced Hashcash; Nick Szabo, computer scientist, and creator of Bitcoin precursor Bit Gold; Hal Finney, software developer, creator of Hashcash successor RPOW (Reusable Proof of Work), and the first recipient of bitcoin from Satoshi Nakamoto; Len Sassaman, systems engineer and academic; Paul Le Roux, encryption programmer, and convicted criminal; and Wei Dai, computer engineer and creator of Bitcoin precursor B-money, also referenced in the whitepaper.
One of the first people QRI spoke to was Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++, the programming language used for Bitcoin, who said, looking at the Bitcoin code, that Satoshi Nakamoto was a "reasonably good C++ programmer for the time," that would have been proficient in C++, not just C — with Back, Dai, and Le Roux all fitting the bill. Szabo and Sassaman were not known to write in C++, and Finney was less known to use it.
Another link the investigators highlighted was that all of the candidates, except Le Roux, were very active in a 1990s group of coders called the cypherpunks, who had a very libertarian-leaning philosophy.
Phil Zimmerman, who founded PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), which created true email encryption, is seen by many as the "OG cypherpunk," with both Finney and Sassaman having previously worked at PGP for Zimmerman.
Asked by Maroney whether anyone he worked with at PGP could have been part of the formative team that put together Bitcoin, Zimmerman was visibly reluctant to answer. While focusing on email encryption, PGP also explored several other areas, including digital cash.
Finney and Sassaman
Maroney spoke to Alyssa Blackburn, a data scientist at the Baylor College of Medicine and specialist in early Bitcoin mining. She identified around 64 major players during the first two years of Bitcoin, including a lot of metadata on Satoshi Nakamoto's mining and communications activities, which she said provides an idea of their "digital rhythms."
Her analysis of Satoshi Nakamoto's activity shows they were predominantly active between 6 a.m. PST and 10 p.m. PST, suggesting North or South American time zones. Overlaying that with the remaining candidates and their known online activity, including the metzdowd cryptography mailing list that the Bitcoin whitepaper was distributed through, Blackburn surmised that only Finney and Sassaman matched Satoshi Nakamoto's activity profile. She argued it was "inconceivable" that Back, Szabo, or Dai could be Satoshi Nakamoto based on that analysis.
The New York Times recently suggested Back as a leading candidate based on linguistic analysis and circumstantial evidence, including a 2015 email attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto, though its authenticity is widely disputed. Back also strongly denied the NYT's claims.
QRI also looked into the same email. However, Maroney told The Block that multiple sources said it was inconsistent with Satoshi Nakamoto's known writing style and focused on topics, such as bitcoin's price, that Nakamoto did not typically discuss. The email was also not signed using Nakamoto's cryptographic key, a standard method of verifying identity, and may have originated from a compromised account, he added.
From her research, Blackburn said that qualitatively, Finney and Sassaman looked like the most viable candidates.
One of Maroney's concerns about Sassaman was his propensity to "bash" Bitcoin, referencing social media posts in 2010 and 2011 describing it as "bunk" and "overhyped," with its success due to "irrational exuberance."
Cohan and the investigators' concerns over the case for Finney were that he was a coder, not an academic writer, and the Bitcoin whitepaper was an academic paper.
PGP Corp. co-founder Will Price said that, looking at the structure of RPOW, and having spent 15 years working with Finney, he could tell it was coded by Finney instantaneously. However, unlike Hashcash and B-Money, Price noted that RPOW was not credited in the Bitcoin whitepaper, questioning why that would be, as it was "as close to Bitcoin as anything could possibly be."
However, when Maroney tried to make the case against Finney being Satoshi Nakamoto, Price laughed and wished him "good luck." Maroney made the point that Finney was not known for coding in C++, and again Price laughed.
"To an engineer of Hal's caliber, a different language is like chicken versus steak," Price said. "It has no meaning and he can change languages in hours," noting that he was already having to work on C++ tasks at PGP. "A lot of the Bitcoin code is very similar to what Hal does in his normal C++, but then he sticks in some things to throw you off the trail," Price said.
Maroney suggested Price's point seemed to be that Finney intentionally used C++, a language he was not known publicly for, to code in, because it provided "additional cover."
By 2008, Price said the company was running out of things for Finney to do and suggested he just keep working on RPOW — and he thinks that's exactly what happened.
Price explained that there was a two-month gap from Oct. 31, 2008 (the date Bitcoin's whitepaper was published) to early January 2009 (Bitcoin's genesis block), where Finney made no PGP commits. Price said they still knew what his tasks were, and Finney, a remote employee, would send weekly updates, confirming things like he was still working on his Windows fingerprint technology.
"So he's working on C++ on Windows, which is what Bitcoin is written for and in," Price said. "What was going on in those two months that the last two months before the release of the Bitcoin source code, Hal made no commits to the source code at work? What was he working on? I think it was Bitcoin."
Finney passed away due to complications from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in August 2014. Toward the end of Finney's life, PGP Corp. co-founder Jon Callas and Zimmerman took a trip to visit him, where Callas said he asked him if he was Satoshi Nakamoto.
"His answer was, why would I deny being Satoshi if I were because I have a fatal disease. And you know, there's no reason in the world for me to deny it because I'm not going to be around in two or three years, but no, I'm not," Callas recalled. "At the time, I interpreted that as a non-denial and interpreted it as a yes," he said.
But, of course, it would be reasonable to deny it.
"I don't know why you would go through the effort of making everything anonymous, creating a pseudonym, going through all this effort, and then you just start randomly telling people," Price said. "Right? I mean, you're going to be consistent about that or not."
"One of my big takeaways from this meeting is these people miss Hal. They respect Hal, they believe his story finally needs to be told," Maroney reflected. "They want the truth out there. And yeah, maybe Satoshi can never actually move a bitcoin, but three eyewitnesses, experts in the field, friends of Hal's confirming his identity, seem like good corroborating evidence."
Though not noted in the documentary, following the original Newsweek story connecting Finney and Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto in 2014, Forbes and others also pointed out that the pair had both lived in Temple City, a small suburb of Los Angeles with a population of around 35,000, just a few blocks away from one another. While this doesn't prove anything, many have speculated on the coincidence and suggested that Finney may have used local directories at the time for inspiration on the pseudonym.
"We were well aware of this, confirmed what others had previously found, worked to find any other connections between Nakamoto and Finney, and ultimately decided not to include it in the film," Maroney told The Block. "I'll note this point can be used to strengthen our case."
A spanner in the works?
Just when he thought they were getting somewhere, Maroney was presented with an October 2023 article from "professional cypherpunk" Jameson Lopp, co-founder and chief security officer of Casa, titled "Hal Finney Was Not Satoshi Nakamoto."
"Researching a lot of Hal's and Satoshi's early activity, I discovered several different conflicts that showed that they were both doing things at the exact same time when Hal could not have been at a computer on the internet," Lopp said in an interview with Maroney.
For example, Lopp looked at back and forth emails and a Bitcoin transaction between Satoshi Nakamoto and early Bitcoin developer Mike Hearn with timestamps while Hal Finney was provably running a race.
"From the very simple fact that it's not possible to be in two places at the same time, it's highly unlikely that Satoshi and Hal were the same person," Lopp said.
Maroney said he had a hard time squaring the conversations with the PGP team and Lopp, but went on to ask what other explanations Lopp may have.
"One possible explanation is that Satoshi was a group of people. Whether Hal was like 'in on it' will, I think, never really be able to prove," Lopp said. "But Occam's razor, it's difficult to keep secrets amongst multiple people," he added, echoing Puckett's observations. "Unless they're all dead" — which could also help explain why Satoshi Nakamoto's funds were never moved.
'Unless they're all dead'
At first, Maroney thought Lopp was "blowing up" his theory. "But then I realized he gave me the answer because Hal Finney was not the only candidate who was no longer with us," he said.
So the investigators sought the help of Meredith Patterson, a coder involved in computer security, linguistics, and civil rights. But the real reason they wanted to talk to her was that she is also the widow of Len Sassaman.
Maroney recalled a conversation with PGP's Price about Sassaman's life as an academic and a PhD student focused on anonymity.
"When you look through the whitepapers of Len Sassaman, he was really great at writing whitepapers," Price said. "He would have really cared about checking every reference as they did, the precision and the correctness of every part of that whitepaper. He is the kind of person who would really have gone through that, gotten it right."
"The whitepaper is written in a certain way, that is someone who writes whitepapers," Price continued. "And that's not Hal."
Len lived in Europe during the time Satoshi Nakamoto was active, and despite being American, his writing often contained British spellings and phrases, just like Nakamoto. His PhD advisor was David Chaum, the inventor of DigiCash and widely recognized as the "godfather" of cryptocurrency.
Patterson and Sassaman met at CodeCon, a conference he ran in San Francisco with Bram Cohen, an American computer programmer, best known as the author of the peer-to-peer BitTorrent protocol.
Like Finney, Sassaman suffered from debilitating health conditions, dealing with Crohn's disease and severe calcium depletion in his spine, using a cane by the time he was 30, Patterson said. Sadly, on July 3, 2011, around six months after Satoshi Nakamoto's last public post, Sassaman took his own life.
Back in 2005, Finney had presented RPOW at CodeCon.
"I had read a couple of articles about Hashcash, which was basically the forerunner of RPOW," Petterson told Maroney. "But it was fascinating to see that transformed into a system for actually using it as money."
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Petterson confirmed that Finney and Sassaman were friends, had worked together at PGP, and were "definitely" in touch in 2008. "They were certainly still interacting online," she said.
Asked what she had thought about Bitcoin when she first heard of it, Patterson said she immediately went to read the whitepaper and saw it as a "neat way to get around the central operator." Asked about the use of a pseudonym, she said that it did not surprise her. "Whoever was behind it had definitely been reading the cypherpunk's mailing list. They were familiar with the kinds of problems that the cypherpunks were interested in solving," she said.
Sassaman was also an expert in stylometric anonymization, small stylistic changes to writing that blur the fingerprints used to help identify who wrote it. Something that could explain the inconclusive analysis of the Bitcoin whitepaper.
Discussing the theory that Sassaman's talents could have complemented Finney's in the creation of Bitcoin, Patterson said she thinks it is plausible. "Is it possible that Len would have helped Hal and not told you?" Maroney asked. "Oh, yes, absolutely," she said.
The skills and experience needed to create Bitcoin
BitTorrent's Cohen, who had known both Finney and Sassaman, described Sassaman as his best friend, having been roommates for a long time. In a series of social media posts in 2021, Cohen said: "Len posted pseudonymously on the cypherpunks list constantly, including at least one fleshed-out and long-lived handle."
"The implication with that one seemed to be that it was Hal or Len or some combination of the two, very unsure though," Cohen added. "Len also tried to get me to publish BitTorrent pseudonymously, which seems indicative of something."
Asked by Maroney why he personally saw Finney and Sassaman as Bitcoin's creators, Cohen said they knew each other, and they both had a pattern of posting pseudonymously to cypherpunks. "What they liked doing exactly matched, you know, what we know about Satoshi Nakamoto, because Satoshi, first and foremost, was a cypherpunk," he said.
In terms of the skills and experience needed to create Bitcoin, Cohen said Finney exhibited those especially, whereas Sassaman would be more of a fit for the human language element of it — hinting at the whitepaper and forum post contributions — which also explains how Finney could have been running a race while Sassaman was acting as Satoshi, Maroney suggested.
But one problem remained. Why would Sassaman publicly bash Bitcoin? "You don't make all your pseudonyms agree with each other about everything or everyone's going to know who your pseudonyms are," Cohen said. "If you have some identity that you're trying to hide, then your normal public persona has very little to gain by agreeing with a hidden identity, particularly if it's some controversial topic like Bitcoin."
Who is Satoshi?
For Maroney, the pieces were falling into place. Meeting with William D. Cohan, he said that, "For the entire investigation, we've been pursuing Satoshi as if he were one person. But all of our evidence is leading to the conclusion that it was two people collaborating."
"If we take all of the circumstantial evidence, all of [the] empirical evidence, and all of the eyewitness testimony, the conclusion is that Hal Finney and Len Sassaman collaborated to create Bitcoin," Maroney said. "That the two of them were Satoshi Nakamoto."
Unlike the early interviewees, some crypto industry insiders were willing to comment on the documentary's conclusions. In a press release accompanying the film's official trailer last month, Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong said: "It's the most thoughtful take on this subject I've seen out there, and I suspect you got to the right answer." Coinbase is also a supporter of the film.
After seeing the documentary, Lopp also reportedly told the filmmakers it was "easily the most expertly produced Bitcoin documentary" he had seen, adding that it is "a plausible take that may finally put an end to chasing ghosts."
Many have criticized attempts to uncover Satoshi's identity, fairly citing potential threats to their families and friends. Participants in the documentary, including Zimmerman, were also wary, describing it as "dangerous" and "people could get hurt."
However, notably in this case, the widows of both Finney and Patterson were willing to take part in the documentary themselves and seemed to agree with the plausibility of the investigation's ultimate conclusions.
"I liked your movie," Fran Finney said. "The reason I [initially] declined to speak with you is because I misunderstood where your movie was going. I had been approached by a number of different projects, and I assumed this project was similar. And most of those projects are just very exploitive. But after I saw the film and what you've done with it so far, I was really touched and impressed and blown away."
Asked if she ever asked her husband if he was Satoshi Nakamoto, Fran Finney said she did, but that he just laughed and said no. "Is it possible he helped build it and didn't tell you?" Maroney said. "Yes, I think he did help build it," she said. "You also brought forth the possibility that I hadn't considered that Hal might have collaborated in the writing of the code for Bitcoin. And I mean, he did. He was excited to write that. The whitepaper itself, I didn't think he wrote. But he could have helped. Making edits for it. So what you present in the film makes sense to me."
Reflecting on the interview with Fran Finney, Maroney said it reminded him of a Forbes interview with Hal Finney shortly before he died. "In the conclusions to the article, Hal was asked if given his contributions to open source cryptography, he could perhaps be considered one of the creators of Bitcoin," Maroney said.
PGP's Will Price also picked up on the same thing. "When he phrased it the final way, which was whether he's one of the creators of Bitcoin, Hal raised his eyes and eyebrows, which in the article is identified as his way of saying yes," Price said. "And he asked him if he was proud of that work. And Finney raised his eyes and he smiled."
"I think, for Hal, it was always true to say that he didn't create Bitcoin. He didn't create Bitcoin, it was a team. But if you ask him, are you one of the creators of Bitcoin? Yes," Price said. "At this point, I think it's better that people understand that these people who are long past did create it. They had all of the best intentions and didn't do it for the money."
"Hal's influence on the world in a number of behind the scenes but extraordinarily important things ought to be valued," PGP's Callas said. "He is the person who is not like what you see out there in the cryptocurrency world and that is why he deserves the accolades because he is proof positive that you don't have to be a horrible person to make a big impact on the world."
"That's his big legacy. He left his footprint. And I'm so proud of him," Fran Finney said.
It's important to note that the documentary emphasized that "based on an extensive investigative review, the filmmakers affirm that there is no evidence or reasonable inference that Fran Finney or Meredith Patterson have any access, direct or indirect, to Satoshi Nakamoto's private keys."
"I admire Hal and Len almost more than anyone I've ever investigated because their motives I learned were so much more beautiful and pure than the motives of most people who want to hide behind something," Maroney concluded. "Usually I'm looking for people who've done something wrong and are hiding behind a mask. But in this case, I was looking for somebody or a few people who did something really creative and innovative. These were
While Satoshi Nakamoto's identity remains uncertain, perhaps never to be provably confirmed, the investigation arguably makes one of the most compelling cases to date that Finney and Sassaman jointly collaborated to launch Bitcoin.
Finding Satoshi was released globally on April 22 via FindingSatoshi.com.
#PEPEATH
#VeChainNodeMarketplace
#fahadcreator
#XRPRealityCheck
#ZeroFeeTrading
Attempts to unveil Satoshi have continued ever since, spurred on by the pseudonymous creator's disappearance from public view in 2011. A Newsweek story in 2014 focused on Japanese American systems engineer Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, while others theorized that Bitcoin could be a CIA-controlled project, to which one expert in the documentary quipped, "I don't think our government is competent enough to do something that smart."
While the ideas put forth in many similar documentaries were ultimately dismissed, "Finding Satoshi," directed by Tucker Tooley and Matthew Miele, attempts to avoid rehashing existing theories with a character-driven investigation that, while surfacing many familiar names, reaches an interesting conclusion.
The film, viewed in advance of its release by The Block, depicts a four-year investigation led by New York Times author, financial journalist, and former M&A investment banker William D. Cohan alongside Quest Research and Investigations' team of private investigators led by Tyler Maroney, drawing on experts across cryptography, programming, and linguistics.
Cohan had originally set out on the documentary interviewing various figureheads from within the industry, including Katie Haun, the former DOJ prosecutor who led investigations tied to Silk Road and Mt. Gox and later founder and CEO of Haun Ventures; Brian Brookes, the former CLO at Coinbase, CEO at BinanceUS, CEO at Bitfury and Acting Comptroller of the Currency; and Joseph Lubin, co-founder of Ethereum and CEO of Consensys. However, he found little willingness to engage directly on the question of Satoshi's identity.
Cohan told The Block he is not entirely sure why they were so reluctant. "Part of it was, I think, that it was just irrelevant more than a decade after Satoshi wrote his whitepaper and Bitcoin was born," he said. "So, why bother? Part of it, too, might have been that what if we discovered that Satoshi was an evil person… that news could destroy the wealth that they had built up in their bitcoin ownership. In any event, it spurred us all on to try to uncover Satoshi's identity — and I think we did."
So instead, Cohan turned to Maroney and the broader QRI team. QRI's focus is on investigations in the public interest that are very difficult to crack, according to Maroney, and sought to approach the task with empirical evidence and expert testimony from people that Cohan and many earlier documentaries had not spoken to.
QRI outlined six of the most credible, yet usual suspects: Adam Back, cryptographer, CEO of Blockstream, and creator of the Bitcoin whitepaper-referenced Hashcash; Nick Szabo, computer scientist, and creator of Bitcoin precursor Bit Gold; Hal Finney, software developer, creator of Hashcash successor RPOW (Reusable Proof of Work), and the first recipient of bitcoin from Satoshi Nakamoto; Len Sassaman, systems engineer and academic; Paul Le Roux, encryption programmer, and convicted criminal; and Wei Dai, computer engineer and creator of Bitcoin precursor B-money, also referenced in the whitepaper.
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BTCUSD
$78,546.32
0.81%
ETHUSD
$2,311.61
1.10%
BCHUSD
$447.15
-0.85%
LTCUSD
$55.35
-0.34%
XRPUSD
$1.39
0.61%
feature
'I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin's co-creators
By James Hunt
People•April 22, 2026, 9:01AM EDT
Make us preferred on Google
Share
'I suspect you got to the right answer': New Satoshi documentary makes the case Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin's co-creators
Partner offers
Quick Take
“Finding Satoshi” makes the case that Hal Finney and Len Sassaman were Bitcoin’s co-creators, documenting the latest effort to uncover Nakamoto’s identity.
The film follows a four-year investigation led by New York Times bestselling author William D. Cohan and private investigator Tyler Maroney.
We'd love your feedback.
Start Survey
Advertisement
For most of the 18 years since the nine-page Bitcoin whitepaper was published on Oct. 31, 2008, amid the turmoil of the great financial crisis, many have rightly or wrongly speculated about the identity of its pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.
Attempts to unveil Satoshi have continued ever since, spurred on by the pseudonymous creator's disappearance from public view in 2011. A Newsweek story in 2014 focused on Japanese American systems engineer Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, while others theorized that Bitcoin could be a CIA-controlled project, to which one expert in the documentary quipped, "I don't think our government is competent enough to do something that smart."
While the ideas put forth in many similar documentaries were ultimately dismissed, "Finding Satoshi," directed by Tucker Tooley and Matthew Miele, attempts to avoid rehashing existing theories with a character-driven investigation that, while surfacing many familiar names, reaches an interesting conclusion.
The film, viewed in advance of its release by The Block, depicts a four-year investigation led by New York Times author, financial journalist, and former M&A investment banker William D. Cohan alongside Quest Research and Investigations' team of private investigators led by Tyler Maroney, drawing on experts across cryptography, programming, and linguistics.
Cohan had originally set out on the documentary interviewing various figureheads from within the industry, including Katie Haun, the former DOJ prosecutor who led investigations tied to Silk Road and Mt. Gox and later founder and CEO of Haun Ventures; Brian Brookes, the former CLO at Coinbase, CEO at BinanceUS, CEO at Bitfury and Acting Comptroller of the Currency; and Joseph Lubin, co-founder of Ethereum and CEO of Consensys. However, he found little willingness to engage directly on the question of Satoshi's identity.
Cohan told The Block he is not entirely sure why they were so reluctant. "Part of it was, I think, that it was just irrelevant more than a decade after Satoshi wrote his whitepaper and Bitcoin was born," he said. "So, why bother? Part of it, too, might have been that what if we discovered that Satoshi was an evil person… that news could destroy the wealth that they had built up in their bitcoin ownership. In any event, it spurred us all on to try to uncover Satoshi's identity — and I think we did."
So instead, Cohan turned to Maroney and the broader QRI team. QRI's focus is on investigations in the public interest that are very difficult to crack, according to Maroney, and sought to approach the task with empirical evidence and expert testimony from people that Cohan and many earlier documentaries had not spoken to.
The candidates
QRI outlined six of the most credible, yet usual suspects: Adam Back, cryptographer, CEO of Blockstream, and creator of the Bitcoin whitepaper-referenced Hashcash; Nick Szabo, computer scientist, and creator of Bitcoin precursor Bit Gold; Hal Finney, software developer, creator of Hashcash successor RPOW (Reusable Proof of Work), and the first recipient of bitcoin from Satoshi Nakamoto; Len Sassaman, systems engineer and academic; Paul Le Roux, encryption programmer, and convicted criminal; and Wei Dai, computer engineer and creator of Bitcoin precursor B-money, also referenced in the whitepaper.
One of the first people QRI spoke to was Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++, the programming language used for Bitcoin, who said, looking at the Bitcoin code, that Satoshi Nakamoto was a "reasonably good C++ programmer for the time," that would have been proficient in C++, not just C — with Back, Dai, and Le Roux all fitting the bill. Szabo and Sassaman were not known to write in C++, and Finney was less known to use it.
Another link the investigators highlighted was that all of the candidates, except Le Roux, were very active in a 1990s group of coders called the cypherpunks, who had a very libertarian-leaning philosophy.
Phil Zimmerman, who founded PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), which created true email encryption, is seen by many as the "OG cypherpunk," with both Finney and Sassaman having previously worked at PGP for Zimmerman.
Asked by Maroney whether anyone he worked with at PGP could have been part of the formative team that put together Bitcoin, Zimmerman was visibly reluctant to answer. While focusing on email encryption, PGP also explored several other areas, including digital cash.
Finney and Sassaman
Maroney spoke to Alyssa Blackburn, a data scientist at the Baylor College of Medicine and specialist in early Bitcoin mining. She identified around 64 major players during the first two years of Bitcoin, including a lot of metadata on Satoshi Nakamoto's mining and communications activities, which she said provides an idea of their "digital rhythms."
Her analysis of Satoshi Nakamoto's activity shows they were predominantly active between 6 a.m. PST and 10 p.m. PST, suggesting North or South American time zones. Overlaying that with the remaining candidates and their known online activity, including the metzdowd cryptography mailing list that the Bitcoin whitepaper was distributed through, Blackburn surmised that only Finney and Sassaman matched Satoshi Nakamoto's activity profile. She argued it was "inconceivable" that Back, Szabo, or Dai could be Satoshi Nakamoto based on that analysis.
The New York Times recently suggested Back as a leading candidate based on linguistic analysis and circumstantial evidence, including a 2015 email attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto, though its authenticity is widely disputed. Back also strongly denied the NYT's claims.
QRI also looked into the same email. However, Maroney told The Block that multiple sources said it was inconsistent with Satoshi Nakamoto's known writing style and focused on topics, such as bitcoin's price, that Nakamoto did not typically discuss. The email was also not signed using Nakamoto's cryptographic key, a standard method of verifying identity, and may have originated from a compromised account, he added.
From her research, Blackburn said that qualitatively, Finney and Sassaman looked like the most viable candidates.
One of Maroney's concerns about Sassaman was his propensity to "bash" Bitcoin, referencing social media posts in 2010 and 2011 describing it as "bunk" and "overhyped," with its success due to "irrational exuberance."
Cohan and the investigators' concerns over the case for Finney were that he was a coder, not an academic writer, and the Bitcoin whitepaper was an academic paper.
PGP Corp. co-founder Will Price said that, looking at the structure of RPOW, and having spent 15 years working with Finney, he could tell it was coded by Finney instantaneously. However, unlike Hashcash and B-Money, Price noted that RPOW was not credited in the Bitcoin whitepaper, questioning why that would be, as it was "as close to Bitcoin as anything could possibly be."
However, when Maroney tried to make the case against Finney being Satoshi Nakamoto, Price laughed and wished him "good luck." Maroney made the point that Finney was not known for coding in C++, and again Price laughed.
"To an engineer of Hal's caliber, a different language is like chicken versus steak," Price said. "It has no meaning and he can change languages in hours," noting that he was already having to work on C++ tasks at PGP. "A lot of the Bitcoin code is very similar to what Hal does in his normal C++, but then he sticks in some things to throw you off the trail," Price said.
Maroney suggested Price's point seemed to be that Finney intentionally used C++, a language he was not known publicly for, to code in, because it provided "additional cover."
By 2008, Price said the company was running out of things for Finney to do and suggested he just keep working on RPOW — and he thinks that's exactly what happened.
Price explained that there was a two-month gap from Oct. 31, 2008 (the date Bitcoin's whitepaper was published) to early January 2009 (Bitcoin's genesis block), where Finney made no PGP commits. Price said they still knew what his tasks were, and Finney, a remote employee, would send weekly updates, confirming things like he was still working on his Windows fingerprint technology.
"So he's working on C++ on Windows, which is what Bitcoin is written for and in," Price said. "What was going on in those two months that the last two months before the release of the Bitcoin source code, Hal made no commits to the source code at work? What was he working on? I think it was Bitcoin."
Finney passed away due to complications from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in August 2014. Toward the end of Finney's life, PGP Corp. co-founder Jon Callas and Zimmerman took a trip to visit him, where Callas said he asked him if he was Satoshi Nakamoto.
"His answer was, why would I deny being Satoshi if I were because I have a fatal disease. And you know, there's no reason in the world for me to deny it because I'm not going to be around in two or three years, but no, I'm not," Callas recalled. "At the time, I interpreted that as a non-denial and interpreted it as a yes," he said.
But, of course, it would be reasonable to deny it.
"I don't know why you would go through the effort of making everything anonymous, creating a pseudonym, going through all this effort, and then you just start randomly telling people," Price said. "Right? I mean, you're going to be consistent about that or not."
"One of my big takeaways from this meeting is these people miss Hal. They respect Hal, they believe his story finally needs to be told," Maroney reflected. "They want the truth out there. And yeah, maybe Satoshi can never actually move a bitcoin, but three eyewitnesses, experts in the field, friends of Hal's confirming his identity, seem like good corroborating evidence."
Though not noted in the documentary, following the original Newsweek story connecting Finney and Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto in 2014, Forbes and others also pointed out that the pair had both lived in Temple City, a small suburb of Los Angeles with a population of around 35,000, just a few blocks away from one another. While this doesn't prove anything, many have speculated on the coincidence and suggested that Finney may have used local directories at the time for inspiration on the pseudonym.
"We were well aware of this, confirmed what others had previously found, worked to find any other connections between Nakamoto and Finney, and ultimately decided not to include it in the film," Maroney told The Block. "I'll note this point can be used to strengthen our case."
A spanner in the works?
Just when he thought they were getting somewhere, Maroney was presented with an October 2023 article from "professional cypherpunk" Jameson Lopp, co-founder and chief security officer of Casa, titled "Hal Finney Was Not Satoshi Nakamoto."
"Researching a lot of Hal's and Satoshi's early activity, I discovered several different conflicts that showed that they were both doing things at the exact same time when Hal could not have been at a computer on the internet," Lopp said in an interview with Maroney.
For example, Lopp looked at back and forth emails and a Bitcoin transaction between Satoshi Nakamoto and early Bitcoin developer Mike Hearn with timestamps while Hal Finney was provably running a race.
"From the very simple fact that it's not possible to be in two places at the same time, it's highly unlikely that Satoshi and Hal were the same person," Lopp said.
Maroney said he had a hard time squaring the conversations with the PGP team and Lopp, but went on to ask what other explanations Lopp may have.
"One possible explanation is that Satoshi was a group of people. Whether Hal was like 'in on it' will, I think, never really be able to prove," Lopp said. "But Occam's razor, it's difficult to keep secrets amongst multiple people," he added, echoing Puckett's observations. "Unless they're all dead" — which could also help explain why Satoshi Nakamoto's funds were never moved.
'Unless they're all dead'
At first, Maroney thought Lopp was "blowing up" his theory. "But then I realized he gave me the answer because Hal Finney was not the only candidate who was no longer with us," he said.
So the investigators sought the help of Meredith Patterson, a coder involved in computer security, linguistics, and civil rights. But the real reason they wanted to talk to her was that she is also the widow of Len Sassaman.
Maroney recalled a conversation with PGP's Price about Sassaman's life as an academic and a PhD student focused on anonymity.
"When you look through the whitepapers of Len Sassaman, he was really great at writing whitepapers," Price said. "He would have really cared about checking every reference as they did, the precision and the correctness of every part of that whitepaper. He is the kind of person who would really have gone through that, gotten it right."
"The whitepaper is written in a certain way, that is someone who writes whitepapers," Price continued. "And that's not Hal."
Len lived in Europe during the time Satoshi Nakamoto was active, and despite being American, his writing often contained British spellings and phrases, just like Nakamoto. His PhD advisor was David Chaum, the inventor of DigiCash and widely recognized as the "godfather" of cryptocurrency.
Patterson and Sassaman met at CodeCon, a conference he ran in San Francisco with Bram Cohen, an American computer programmer, best known as the author of the peer-to-peer BitTorrent protocol.
Like Finney, Sassaman suffered from debilitating health conditions, dealing with Crohn's disease and severe calcium depletion in his spine, using a cane by the time he was 30, Patterson said. Sadly, on July 3, 2011, around six months after Satoshi Nakamoto's last public post, Sassaman took his own life.
Back in 2005, Finney had presented RPOW at CodeCon.
"I had read a couple of articles about Hashcash, which was basically the forerunner of RPOW," Petterson told Maroney. "But it was fascinating to see that transformed into a system for actually using it as money."
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Petterson confirmed that Finney and Sassaman were friends, had worked together at PGP, and were "definitely" in touch in 2008. "They were certainly still interacting online," she said.
Asked what she had thought about Bitcoin when she first heard of it, Patterson said she immediately went to read the whitepaper and saw it as a "neat way to get around the central operator." Asked about the use of a pseudonym, she said that it did not surprise her. "Whoever was behind it had definitely been reading the cypherpunk's mailing list. They were familiar with the kinds of problems that the cypherpunks were interested in solving," she said.
Sassaman was also an expert in stylometric anonymization, small stylistic changes to writing that blur the fingerprints used to help identify who wrote it. Something that could explain the inconclusive analysis of the Bitcoin whitepaper.
Discussing the theory that Sassaman's talents could have complemented Finney's in the creation of Bitcoin, Patterson said she thinks it is plausible. "Is it possible that Len would have helped Hal and not told you?" Maroney asked. "Oh, yes, absolutely," she said.
The skills and experience needed to create Bitcoin
BitTorrent's Cohen, who had known both Finney and Sassaman, described Sassaman as his best friend, having been roommates for a long time. In a series of social media posts in 2021, Cohen said: "Len posted pseudonymously on the cypherpunks list constantly, including at least one fleshed-out and long-lived handle."
"The implication with that one seemed to be that it was Hal or Len or some combination of the two, very unsure though," Cohen added. "Len also tried to get me to publish BitTorrent pseudonymously, which seems indicative of something."
Asked by Maroney why he personally saw Finney and Sassaman as Bitcoin's creators, Cohen said they knew each other, and they both had a pattern of posting pseudonymously to cypherpunks. "What they liked doing exactly matched, you know, what we know about Satoshi Nakamoto, because Satoshi, first and foremost, was a cypherpunk," he said.
In terms of the skills and experience needed to create Bitcoin, Cohen said Finney exhibited those especially, whereas Sassaman would be more of a fit for the human language element of it — hinting at the whitepaper and forum post contributions — which also explains how Finney could have been running a race while Sassaman was acting as Satoshi, Maroney suggested.
But one problem remained. Why would Sassaman publicly bash Bitcoin? "You don't make all your pseudonyms agree with each other about everything or everyone's going to know who your pseudonyms are," Cohen said. "If you have some identity that you're trying to hide, then your normal public persona has very little to gain by agreeing with a hidden identity, particularly if it's some controversial topic like Bitcoin."
Who is Satoshi?
For Maroney, the pieces were falling into place. Meeting with William D. Cohan, he said that, "For the entire investigation, we've been pursuing Satoshi as if he were one person. But all of our evidence is leading to the conclusion that it was two people collaborating."
"If we take all of the circumstantial evidence, all of [the] empirical evidence, and all of the eyewitness testimony, the conclusion is that Hal Finney and Len Sassaman collaborated to create Bitcoin," Maroney said. "That the two of them were Satoshi Nakamoto."
Unlike the early interviewees, some crypto industry insiders were willing to comment on the documentary's conclusions. In a press release accompanying the film's official trailer last month, Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong said: "It's the most thoughtful take on this subject I've seen out there, and I suspect you got to the right answer." Coinbase is also a supporter of the film.
After seeing the documentary, Lopp also reportedly told the filmmakers it was "easily the most expertly produced Bitcoin documentary" he had seen, adding that it is "a plausible take that may finally put an end to chasing ghosts."
Many have criticized attempts to uncover Satoshi's identity, fairly citing potential threats to their families and friends. Participants in the documentary, including Zimmerman, were also wary, describing it as "dangerous" and "people could get hurt."
However, notably in this case, the widows of both Finney and Patterson were willing to take part in the documentary themselves and seemed to agree with the plausibility of the investigation's ultimate conclusions.
"I liked your movie," Fran Finney said. "The reason I [initially] declined to speak with you is because I misunderstood where your movie was going. I had been approached by a number of different projects, and I assumed this project was similar. And most of those projects are just very exploitive. But after I saw the film and what you've done with it so far, I was really touched and impressed and blown away."
Asked if she ever asked her husband if he was Satoshi Nakamoto, Fran Finney said she did, but that he just laughed and said no. "Is it possible he helped build it and didn't tell you?" Maroney said. "Yes, I think he did help build it," she said. "You also brought forth the possibility that I hadn't considered that Hal might have collaborated in the writing of the code for Bitcoin. And I mean, he did. He was excited to write that. The whitepaper itself, I didn't think he wrote. But he could have helped. Making edits for it. So what you present in the film makes sense to me."
Reflecting on the interview with Fran Finney, Maroney said it reminded him of a Forbes interview with Hal Finney shortly before he died. "In the conclusions to the article, Hal was asked if given his contributions to open source cryptography, he could perhaps be considered one of the creators of Bitcoin," Maroney said.
PGP's Will Price also picked up on the same thing. "When he phrased it the final way, which was whether he's one of the creators of Bitcoin, Hal raised his eyes and eyebrows, which in the article is identified as his way of saying yes," Price said. "And he asked him if he was proud of that work. And Finney raised his eyes and he smiled."
"I think, for Hal, it was always true to say that he didn't create Bitcoin. He didn't create Bitcoin, it was a team. But if you ask him, are you one of the creators of Bitcoin? Yes," Price said. "At this point, I think it's better that people understand that these people who are long past did create it. They had all of the best intentions and didn't do it for the money."
"Hal's influence on the world in a number of behind the scenes but extraordinarily important things ought to be valued," PGP's Callas said. "He is the person who is not like what you see out there in the cryptocurrency world and that is why he deserves the accolades because he is proof positive that you don't have to be a horrible person to make a big impact on the world."
"That's his big legacy. He left his footprint. And I'm so proud of him," Fran Finney said.
It's important to note that the documentary emphasized that "based on an extensive investigative review, the filmmakers affirm that there is no evidence or reasonable inference that Fran Finney or Meredith Patterson have any access, direct or indirect, to Satoshi Nakamoto's private keys."
"I admire Hal and Len almost more than anyone I've ever investigated because their motives I learned were so much more beautiful and pure than the motives of most people who want to hide behind something," Maroney concluded. "Usually I'm looking for people who've done something wrong and are hiding behind a mask. But in this case, I was looking for somebody or a few people who did something really creative and innovative. These were
While Satoshi Nakamoto's identity remains uncertain, perhaps never to be provably confirmed, the investigation arguably makes one of the most compelling cases to date that Finney and Sassaman jointly collaborated to launch Bitcoin.
Finding Satoshi was released globally on April 22 via FindingSatoshi.com.
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49
Institutional demand to drive bitcoin market cap to $16 trillion by 2030: Ark InvestBitcoin's increased popularity will help drive the broader digital asset market to around $28 trillion by the end of the decade, according to the report. It's currently about $2.7 trillion, according to CoinDesk data. It also means the price could surge: Even if all 21 million BTC were in circulation by then, which they wouldn't be, one bitcoin would be valued at more than $730,000.
Wood has long been bullish on bitcoin. In January, Ark Invest forecast a price range of $300,000-$1.5 million by 2030. In February, Wood reiterated its appeal as a hedge against inflation and deflation, driven by technological acceleration.
Bitcoin is maturing as the leader of a new institutional asset class,” the report said, buoyed by adoption across exchange-traded funds (EFTs), corporate treasuries and sovereign entities.
Institutional ownership of, primarily, bitcoin is already rising quickly. U.S. ETFs and public companies held about 12% of the total bitcoin supply at the end of last year, an increase from about 9% a year earlier, the report said.
The move reflects a shift in how bitcoin is perceived. Once seen primarily as a speculative asset, it is increasingly being considered “digital gold,” a macro hedge and a reserve asset alongside traditional stores of value.
It adds that even a modest penetration into institutional holdings, as low as 2.5% of an estimated $200 trillion global portfolio excluding gold, could contribute about $5 trillion to bitcoin’s total valuation.
The report also predicts that bitcoin will capture an estimated 40% of gold’s total market value, which it estimated at just over $24 trillion currently, implying nearly $10 trillion in additional upside from the “digital gold” narrative alone.
Other contributions to bitcoin’s growth would come from emerging demand for a neutral reserve asset, where even just a 0.5% penetration of a lower $68 trillion monetary base could add about $339 billion in value, along with allocations from nation-states and corporate treasuries that could each contribute hundred of billions of dollars more.
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Institutional demand to drive bitcoin market cap to $16 trillion by 2030: Ark Invest
Bitcoin's increased popularity will help drive the broader digital asset market to around $28 trillion by the end of the decade, according to the report. It's currently about $2.7 trillion, according to CoinDesk data. It also means the price could surge: Even if all 21 million BTC were in circulation by then, which they wouldn't be, one bitcoin would be valued at more than $730,000.
Wood has long been bullish on bitcoin. In January, Ark Invest forecast a price range of $300,000-$1.5 million by 2030. In February, Wood reiterated its appeal as a hedge against inflation and deflation, driven by technological acceleration.
Bitcoin is maturing as the leader of a new institutional asset class,” the report said, buoyed by adoption across exchange-traded funds (EFTs), corporate treasuries and sovereign entities.
Institutional ownership of, primarily, bitcoin is already rising quickly. U.S. ETFs and public companies held about 12% of the total bitcoin supply at the end of last year, an increase from about 9% a year earlier, the report said.
The move reflects a shift in how bitcoin is perceived. Once seen primarily as a speculative asset, it is increasingly being considered “digital gold,” a macro hedge and a reserve asset alongside traditional stores of value.
It adds that even a modest penetration into institutional holdings, as low as 2.5% of an estimated $200 trillion global portfolio excluding gold, could contribute about $5 trillion to bitcoin’s total valuation.
The report also predicts that bitcoin will capture an estimated 40% of gold’s total market value, which it estimated at just over $24 trillion currently, implying nearly $10 trillion in additional upside from the “digital gold” narrative alone.
Other contributions to bitcoin’s growth would come from emerging demand for a neutral reserve asset, where even just a 0.5% penetration of a lower $68 trillion monetary base could add about $339 billion in value, along with allocations from nation-states and corporate treasuries that could each contribute hundred of billions of dollars more.
#PEPEATH
#OopsieDaisy
#InnovationAhead
#UnicornChannel
#yasirazam
Wood has long been bullish on bitcoin. In January, Ark Invest forecast a price range of $300,000-$1.5 million by 2030. In February, Wood reiterated its appeal as a hedge against inflation and deflation, driven by technological acceleration.
Bitcoin is maturing as the leader of a new institutional asset class,” the report said, buoyed by adoption across exchange-traded funds (EFTs), corporate treasuries and sovereign entities.
Institutional ownership of, primarily, bitcoin is already rising quickly. U.S. ETFs and public companies held about 12% of the total bitcoin supply at the end of last year, an increase from about 9% a year earlier, the report said.
The move reflects a shift in how bitcoin is perceived. Once seen primarily as a speculative asset, it is increasingly being considered “digital gold,” a macro hedge and a reserve asset alongside traditional stores of value.
It adds that even a modest penetration into institutional holdings, as low as 2.5% of an estimated $200 trillion global portfolio excluding gold, could contribute about $5 trillion to bitcoin’s total valuation.
The report also predicts that bitcoin will capture an estimated 40% of gold’s total market value, which it estimated at just over $24 trillion currently, implying nearly $10 trillion in additional upside from the “digital gold” narrative alone.
Other contributions to bitcoin’s growth would come from emerging demand for a neutral reserve asset, where even just a 0.5% penetration of a lower $68 trillion monetary base could add about $339 billion in value, along with allocations from nation-states and corporate treasuries that could each contribute hundred of billions of dollars more.
#PEPEATH
#OopsieDaisy
#InnovationAhead
#UnicornChannel
#yasirazam
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Anchorage Digital and M0 team up to power next wave of regulated stablecoinsAnchorage seeks to expand its issuance platform through M0, and opens the door to a broad range of firms looking to launch U.S.-regulated stablecoins.
M0 (pronounced “M Zero”), is a flexible protocol that allows global institutions to mint fully configurable stablecoins, which also works with the likes of Stripe, Moonpay and MetaMask.
It might not sound like the sexiest topic, but we have been building modular infrastructure for stablecoins for three years now,” said M0 CEO Luca Prosperi, in an interview. “This means we are supporting anyone who wants to launch and manage their own stablecoin, whether it is a crypto project, protocol, fintech, payment provider, exchange and many more.”By partnering with M0, we’re extending our issuance platform to support that growth, while maintaining the regulatory, operational, and security standards our partners rely on,” said Anchorage CEO Nathan McCauley, in a statement.
The arrival of the GENIUS Act means stablecoins in the U.S. are becoming a regulated instrument. M0 has already partnered with several regulated players that are using the firm’s contracts, but with Anchorage the regulation-focused relationship is “a bit deeper,” Prosperi added.
By partnering with M0, we’re extending our issuance platform to support that growth, while maintaining the regulatory, operational, and security standards our partners rely on,” said Anchorage CEO Nathan McCauley, in a statement.
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Anchorage Digital and M0 team up to power next wave of regulated stablecoins
Anchorage seeks to expand its issuance platform through M0, and opens the door to a broad range of firms looking to launch U.S.-regulated stablecoins.
M0 (pronounced “M Zero”), is a flexible protocol that allows global institutions to mint fully configurable stablecoins, which also works with the likes of Stripe, Moonpay and MetaMask.
It might not sound like the sexiest topic, but we have been building modular infrastructure for stablecoins for three years now,” said M0 CEO Luca Prosperi, in an interview. “This means we are supporting anyone who wants to launch and manage their own stablecoin, whether it is a crypto project, protocol, fintech, payment provider, exchange and many more.”By partnering with M0, we’re extending our issuance platform to support that growth, while maintaining the regulatory, operational, and security standards our partners rely on,” said Anchorage CEO Nathan McCauley, in a statement.
The arrival of the GENIUS Act means stablecoins in the U.S. are becoming a regulated instrument. M0 has already partnered with several regulated players that are using the firm’s contracts, but with Anchorage the regulation-focused relationship is “a bit deeper,” Prosperi added.
By partnering with M0, we’re extending our issuance platform to support that growth, while maintaining the regulatory, operational, and security standards our partners rely on,” said Anchorage CEO Nathan McCauley, in a statement.
#PEPEATH
#IDKwhatIamdoing
#haroonahmadofficial
#UnicornChannel
#YiHeBinance
M0 (pronounced “M Zero”), is a flexible protocol that allows global institutions to mint fully configurable stablecoins, which also works with the likes of Stripe, Moonpay and MetaMask.
It might not sound like the sexiest topic, but we have been building modular infrastructure for stablecoins for three years now,” said M0 CEO Luca Prosperi, in an interview. “This means we are supporting anyone who wants to launch and manage their own stablecoin, whether it is a crypto project, protocol, fintech, payment provider, exchange and many more.”By partnering with M0, we’re extending our issuance platform to support that growth, while maintaining the regulatory, operational, and security standards our partners rely on,” said Anchorage CEO Nathan McCauley, in a statement.
The arrival of the GENIUS Act means stablecoins in the U.S. are becoming a regulated instrument. M0 has already partnered with several regulated players that are using the firm’s contracts, but with Anchorage the regulation-focused relationship is “a bit deeper,” Prosperi added.
By partnering with M0, we’re extending our issuance platform to support that growth, while maintaining the regulatory, operational, and security standards our partners rely on,” said Anchorage CEO Nathan McCauley, in a statement.
#PEPEATH
#IDKwhatIamdoing
#haroonahmadofficial
#UnicornChannel
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1
PEPE/USDT$PEPE is waking up! 🐸🚀 Looking at that massive 4H green candle breaking through resistance. Up +7% and the momentum is just starting.
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PEPE/USDT
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118
Fake Hong Kong stablecoins start trading as real ones remain absentTokens using ‘HKDAP’ and ‘HSBC’ tickers are circulating even as the HKMA says no licensed stablecoins have been issued
Earlier this month, the HKMA granted its first stablecoin licenses under the Stablecoins Ordinance, which took effect in August 2025, selecting two groups from a pool of 36 applicants. The choice of HSBC and a Standard Chartered-led entity mirrors Hong Kong’s existing monetary system, where a small group of commercial banks is authorized to issue banknotes.
The HKMA urged the public to “stay vigilant against fraudulent activities,” advising users to rely only on official communications from licensees and to transact through regulated channels.
Insiders say they expect a launch during Hong Kong's fintech week in November.
#TrendingTopic
#JohnCarl
#GamingCoins
#xmucanX
#PEPEATH
Fake Hong Kong stablecoins start trading as real ones remain absent
Tokens using ‘HKDAP’ and ‘HSBC’ tickers are circulating even as the HKMA says no licensed stablecoins have been issued
Earlier this month, the HKMA granted its first stablecoin licenses under the Stablecoins Ordinance, which took effect in August 2025, selecting two groups from a pool of 36 applicants. The choice of HSBC and a Standard Chartered-led entity mirrors Hong Kong’s existing monetary system, where a small group of commercial banks is authorized to issue banknotes.
The HKMA urged the public to “stay vigilant against fraudulent activities,” advising users to rely only on official communications from licensees and to transact through regulated channels.
Insiders say they expect a launch during Hong Kong's fintech week in November.
#TrendingTopic
#JohnCarl
#GamingCoins
#xmucanX
#PEPEATH
Earlier this month, the HKMA granted its first stablecoin licenses under the Stablecoins Ordinance, which took effect in August 2025, selecting two groups from a pool of 36 applicants. The choice of HSBC and a Standard Chartered-led entity mirrors Hong Kong’s existing monetary system, where a small group of commercial banks is authorized to issue banknotes.
The HKMA urged the public to “stay vigilant against fraudulent activities,” advising users to rely only on official communications from licensees and to transact through regulated channels.
Insiders say they expect a launch during Hong Kong's fintech week in November.
#TrendingTopic
#JohnCarl
#GamingCoins
#xmucanX
#PEPEATH
22
Galaxy Digital delivers first data center tranche to CoreWeave after narrowing Q1 lossGalaxy secured approval to double its Helios data center power capacity to over 1.6GW, building on its strategic expansion into AI infrastructure.
The company is increasingly focusing on the growing demand for data centers, and this month delivered its first data hall at the Helios campus in Texas to CoreWeave (CRWV), marking the start of revenue under a long-term lease tied to artificial intelligence workloads.
Adjusted gross profit remained broadly stable, reflecting a shift in the business mix as recurring fee revenue and transaction income continue to scale and provide greater resilience in softer market conditions," the company said in a statement. "Disciplined expense management during the quarter helped narrow the adjusted EBITDA loss, underscoring a focus on operating efficiency in more challenging environments."
The Helios facility is set to deliver 133 megawatts of computing power by the end of the second quarter. The company also secured approval for an additional 830 megawatts of power at the site, bringing total capacity to more than 1.6 gigawatts.
GLXY shares fell for a second day, and were recently 0.84% lower at $24.84.
#PEPEATH
#xmucan
#ZeusInCrypto
#StrategyBTCPurchase
#YapayzekaAI
Galaxy Digital delivers first data center tranche to CoreWeave after narrowing Q1 loss
Galaxy secured approval to double its Helios data center power capacity to over 1.6GW, building on its strategic expansion into AI infrastructure.
The company is increasingly focusing on the growing demand for data centers, and this month delivered its first data hall at the Helios campus in Texas to CoreWeave (CRWV), marking the start of revenue under a long-term lease tied to artificial intelligence workloads.
Adjusted gross profit remained broadly stable, reflecting a shift in the business mix as recurring fee revenue and transaction income continue to scale and provide greater resilience in softer market conditions," the company said in a statement. "Disciplined expense management during the quarter helped narrow the adjusted EBITDA loss, underscoring a focus on operating efficiency in more challenging environments."
The Helios facility is set to deliver 133 megawatts of computing power by the end of the second quarter. The company also secured approval for an additional 830 megawatts of power at the site, bringing total capacity to more than 1.6 gigawatts.
GLXY shares fell for a second day, and were recently 0.84% lower at $24.84.
#PEPEATH
#xmucan
#ZeusInCrypto
#StrategyBTCPurchase
#YapayzekaAI
The company is increasingly focusing on the growing demand for data centers, and this month delivered its first data hall at the Helios campus in Texas to CoreWeave (CRWV), marking the start of revenue under a long-term lease tied to artificial intelligence workloads.
Adjusted gross profit remained broadly stable, reflecting a shift in the business mix as recurring fee revenue and transaction income continue to scale and provide greater resilience in softer market conditions," the company said in a statement. "Disciplined expense management during the quarter helped narrow the adjusted EBITDA loss, underscoring a focus on operating efficiency in more challenging environments."
The Helios facility is set to deliver 133 megawatts of computing power by the end of the second quarter. The company also secured approval for an additional 830 megawatts of power at the site, bringing total capacity to more than 1.6 gigawatts.
GLXY shares fell for a second day, and were recently 0.84% lower at $24.84.
#PEPEATH
#xmucan
#ZeusInCrypto
#StrategyBTCPurchase
#YapayzekaAI
30
Is this the perfect time to buy $PePe? 👀
Current $PePe price: $0.0000038
If reaches a: 💰 $500B market cap → 1 could be worth around $0.00121 💰 $1 Trillion market cap → 1 could be worth around $0.00242
That’s roughly: 🚀 318x potential to $500B 🚀 636x potential to $1T
If meme coin mania returns at full speed… could shock the market again 👀🐸 Are you bullish on $PePe long term?👇#PEPE #PEPEATH #pepeusdc #crytocoin
Is this the perfect time to buy $PePe? 👀
Current $PePe price: $0.0000038
If reaches a: 💰 $500B market cap → 1 could be worth around $0.00121 💰 $1 Trillion market cap → 1 could be worth around $0.00242
That’s roughly: 🚀 318x potential to $500B 🚀 636x potential to $1T
If meme coin mania returns at full speed… could shock the market again 👀🐸 Are you bullish on $PePe long term?👇#PEPE #PEPEATH #pepeusdc #crytocoin
Current $PePe price: $0.0000038
If reaches a: 💰 $500B market cap → 1 could be worth around $0.00121 💰 $1 Trillion market cap → 1 could be worth around $0.00242
That’s roughly: 🚀 318x potential to $500B 🚀 636x potential to $1T
If meme coin mania returns at full speed… could shock the market again 👀🐸 Are you bullish on $PePe long term?👇#PEPE #PEPEATH #pepeusdc #crytocoin
44
Artículo
Here’s a fully reworked, professional, plagiarism-free version of your $PEPE update — same message,new style, with everything rephrased:
---
🐸💰 $PEPE Ignites — Mega Whale Scoops Up 228 Billion in One Swift Move! 🚀🫨
📍 Spot Price: $0.000012
In a single, jaw-dropping transaction, one massive investor has accumulated an eye-watering 228 billion $PEPE tokens — sparking a surge of excitement throughout the memecoin’s loyal community. This bold acquisition has set the stage for renewed bullish momentum as trading activity intensifies and the $PEPE crowd rallies behind its iconic frog. 🔊💚
---
📊 Market Snapshot:
🟢 RSI Rebound: Momentum indicator bouncing from the 50 level, hinting at a fresh leg up.
🐳 Whale Movement: Significant on-chain inflows from a major holder; liquidity drying up on exchanges.
📈 Technical Structure: A sequence of higher lows points towards a strengthening bullish trend.
🔥 Volume Spike: Trading volume has jumped 40% over the past 24 hours — early signs of a possible breakout phase.
---
📌 Price Markers to Monitor:
Immediate Resistance: $0.00001250 ➜ $0.00001390
Key Support: $0.00001120 ➜ $0.00001080
Breakout Confirmation: A decisive close above $0.00001250 could propel $PEPE into its next hype cycle.
---
🎯 Why It’s Turning Heads:
• Major whale positions like this can foreshadow powerful price rallies.
• This whale’s activity spans multiple meme tokens — suggesting deliberate accumulation.
Here’s a fully reworked, professional, plagiarism-free version of your $PEPE update — same message,
new style, with everything rephrased:
---
🐸💰 $PEPE Ignites — Mega Whale Scoops Up 228 Billion in One Swift Move! 🚀🫨
📍 Spot Price: $0.000012
In a single, jaw-dropping transaction, one massive investor has accumulated an eye-watering 228 billion $PEPE tokens — sparking a surge of excitement throughout the memecoin’s loyal community. This bold acquisition has set the stage for renewed bullish momentum as trading activity intensifies and the $PEPE crowd rallies behind its iconic frog. 🔊💚
---
📊 Market Snapshot:
🟢 RSI Rebound: Momentum indicator bouncing from the 50 level, hinting at a fresh leg up.
🐳 Whale Movement: Significant on-chain inflows from a major holder; liquidity drying up on exchanges.
📈 Technical Structure: A sequence of higher lows points towards a strengthening bullish trend.
🔥 Volume Spike: Trading volume has jumped 40% over the past 24 hours — early signs of a possible breakout phase.
---
📌 Price Markers to Monitor:
Immediate Resistance: $0.00001250 ➜ $0.00001390
Key Support: $0.00001120 ➜ $0.00001080
Breakout Confirmation: A decisive close above $0.00001250 could propel $PEPE into its next hype cycle.
---
🎯 Why It’s Turning Heads:
• Major whale positions like this can foreshadow powerful price rallies.
• This whale’s activity spans multiple meme tokens — suggesting deliberate accumulation.
---
🐸💰 $PEPE Ignites — Mega Whale Scoops Up 228 Billion in One Swift Move! 🚀🫨
📍 Spot Price: $0.000012
In a single, jaw-dropping transaction, one massive investor has accumulated an eye-watering 228 billion $PEPE tokens — sparking a surge of excitement throughout the memecoin’s loyal community. This bold acquisition has set the stage for renewed bullish momentum as trading activity intensifies and the $PEPE crowd rallies behind its iconic frog. 🔊💚
---
📊 Market Snapshot:
🟢 RSI Rebound: Momentum indicator bouncing from the 50 level, hinting at a fresh leg up.
🐳 Whale Movement: Significant on-chain inflows from a major holder; liquidity drying up on exchanges.
📈 Technical Structure: A sequence of higher lows points towards a strengthening bullish trend.
🔥 Volume Spike: Trading volume has jumped 40% over the past 24 hours — early signs of a possible breakout phase.
---
📌 Price Markers to Monitor:
Immediate Resistance: $0.00001250 ➜ $0.00001390
Key Support: $0.00001120 ➜ $0.00001080
Breakout Confirmation: A decisive close above $0.00001250 could propel $PEPE into its next hype cycle.
---
🎯 Why It’s Turning Heads:
• Major whale positions like this can foreshadow powerful price rallies.
• This whale’s activity spans multiple meme tokens — suggesting deliberate accumulation.
2
307
·
--
$POWER also saw long liquidations worth $1.38K around 0.16765, adding to the overall downside pressure and confirming that longs are being forced out across smaller-cap tokens as well.
Market takeaway: Continued long liquidations in BROCCOLI714 and POWER point to a risk-off environment, where caution is advised due to ongoing volatility and fragile support levels.
#MarketRebound #PEPEATH #PresidentialDebate #WriteToEarnUpgrade
$POWER
$POWER also saw long liquidations worth $1.38K around 0.16765, adding to the overall downside pressure and confirming that longs are being forced out across smaller-cap tokens as well.
Market takeaway: Continued long liquidations in BROCCOLI714 and POWER point to a risk-off environment, where caution is advised due to ongoing volatility and fragile support levels.
#MarketRebound #PEPEATH #PresidentialDebate #WriteToEarnUpgrade
$POWER
Market takeaway: Continued long liquidations in BROCCOLI714 and POWER point to a risk-off environment, where caution is advised due to ongoing volatility and fragile support levels.
#MarketRebound #PEPEATH #PresidentialDebate #WriteToEarnUpgrade
$POWER
1
321
·
--
$PEPE BUYERS STRENGTHEN CONTROL AS SUPPORT HOLDS STRONG 🔥
{spot}(PEPEUSDT)
$PEPE remains above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000504 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical patterns indicate smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000499 – 0.00000505
Target 1 0.00000538
Target 2 0.00000568
Target 3 0.00000605
Stop Loss 0.00000485
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#pepe
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@a7mednasr1
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
$PEPE BUYERS STRENGTHEN CONTROL AS SUPPORT HOLDS STRONG 🔥
$PEPE remains above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000504 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical patterns indicate smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000499 – 0.00000505
Target 1 0.00000538
Target 2 0.00000568
Target 3 0.00000605
Stop Loss 0.00000485
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#pepe
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@ZED SIGNALS
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
$PEPE remains above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000504 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical patterns indicate smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000499 – 0.00000505
Target 1 0.00000538
Target 2 0.00000568
Target 3 0.00000605
Stop Loss 0.00000485
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#pepe
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@ZED SIGNALS
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
1
76
·
--
$PEPE BUYERS REINFORCE SUPPORT AS ACCUMULATION INTENSIFIES 🐸
{spot}(PEPEUSDT)
$PEPE remains above key support zones with steady buying pressure $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects controlled accumulation and minimal selling pressure
Technical indicators suggest smart money is positioning for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000489 – 0.00000492
Target 1 0.00000504
Target 2 0.00000519
Target 3 0.00000534
Stop Loss 0.00000474
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@a7mednasr1
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
$PEPE BUYERS REINFORCE SUPPORT AS ACCUMULATION INTENSIFIES 🐸
$PEPE remains above key support zones with steady buying pressure $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects controlled accumulation and minimal selling pressure
Technical indicators suggest smart money is positioning for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000489 – 0.00000492
Target 1 0.00000504
Target 2 0.00000519
Target 3 0.00000534
Stop Loss 0.00000474
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@ZED SIGNALS
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
$PEPE remains above key support zones with steady buying pressure $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects controlled accumulation and minimal selling pressure
Technical indicators suggest smart money is positioning for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000489 – 0.00000492
Target 1 0.00000504
Target 2 0.00000519
Target 3 0.00000534
Stop Loss 0.00000474
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@ZED SIGNALS
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
35
·
--
$PEPE GAINS STRONG MOMENTUM AS BUYERS STRENGTHEN CONTROL 🐸
{spot}(PEPEUSDT)
$PEPE continues to hold above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical patterns indicate smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000491 – 0.00000493
Target 1 0.00000503
Target 2 0.00000513
Target 3 0.00000523
Stop Loss 0.00000478
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPE创历史新高
#PEPEATH
$PEPE
@a7mednasr1
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH
$SHIB $ZEC
$FLOKI $BANANAS31
$DOGE $XLM
$PEPE GAINS STRONG MOMENTUM AS BUYERS STRENGTHEN CONTROL 🐸
$PEPE continues to hold above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical patterns indicate smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000491 – 0.00000493
Target 1 0.00000503
Target 2 0.00000513
Target 3 0.00000523
Stop Loss 0.00000478
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPE创历史新高
#PEPEATH
$PEPE
@ZED SIGNALS
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH
$SHIB $ZEC
$FLOKI $BANANAS31
$DOGE $XLM
$PEPE continues to hold above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical patterns indicate smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000491 – 0.00000493
Target 1 0.00000503
Target 2 0.00000513
Target 3 0.00000523
Stop Loss 0.00000478
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPE创历史新高
#PEPEATH
$PEPE
@ZED SIGNALS
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH
$SHIB $ZEC
$FLOKI $BANANAS31
$DOGE $XLM
15
·
--
$PEPE GAINS STRONG MOMENTUM AS BUYERS TAKE CONTROL 🐸
{spot}(PEPEUSDT)
$PEPE continues to hold above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical indicators suggest smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000486 – 0.00000489
Target 1 0.00000501
Target 2 0.00000516
Target 3 0.00000531
Stop Loss 0.00000471
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@a7mednasr1
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
$PEPE GAINS STRONG MOMENTUM AS BUYERS TAKE CONTROL 🐸
$PEPE continues to hold above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical indicators suggest smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000486 – 0.00000489
Target 1 0.00000501
Target 2 0.00000516
Target 3 0.00000531
Stop Loss 0.00000471
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@a7mednasr1
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
$PEPE continues to hold above key support zones with steady accumulation $PEPE
The current price at 0.00000487 reflects strong buyer dominance and minimal selling pressure
Technical indicators suggest smart money is preparing for a potential bullish breakout
Maintaining support levels reinforces the short-term bullish scenario
🎯 Trading Setup 💸 $PEPE
Entry Zone 0.00000486 – 0.00000489
Target 1 0.00000501
Target 2 0.00000516
Target 3 0.00000531
Stop Loss 0.00000471
Proper risk management is essential
Breakout confirmed with strong volume supports continuation
Failure to hold support requires reevaluation
#PEPE
#PepeArmy
#PEPEUSDT
#PEPEATH
#pepecoin
$PEPE
@a7mednasr1
📌 Reminder: Not financial advice. Cryptocurrency markets are volatile—invest responsibly
DYOR
$BTC $ETH $ZEC
$TON $FLOKI $DUSK
$BANANAS31 $DOGE $XLM
$ZEN $ZRO $WLFI
$WCT $DOT $TRX
$DOGS $NOT $VET
$UNI $PUMP $GIGGLE
$GAL $SANTOS $NEIRO
$BROCCOLI714 $BANANA $RIVER
$MYX $DASH $ADA
$GUN $FRAX $SAND
$BIFI $SANTOS $GUN
1
91
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