qubic

For all its speed, for all its ambition, Qubic has operated in its own lane by design. A feeless Layer 1 capable of 15.5 million transactions per second, verified on mainnet by CertiK, running bare-metal C++ smart contracts at tick speeds most chains can only theorize about. And yet, every token locked inside the Qubic ecosystem has been, until now, exactly that. Locked inside. Cut off from the deepest liquidity pools in crypto. Invisible to the wallets, DEXs, and lending protocols where the majority of on-chain capital still lives.
QBridge changes that equation. Moving to IPO in Epoch 205, QBridge is a non-custodial cross-chain bridge connecting Qubic directly to Ethereum, and with it, to the single largest concentration of DeFi infrastructure in existence.
What Is QBridge? The Qubic-Ethereum Cross-Chain Bridge
At its core, QBridge allows anyone to transfer QUBIC tokens between the Qubic and Ethereum networks in seconds. Built by Vottun and architected as a native Qubic smart contract, it creates a seamless corridor between two fundamentally different blockchain architectures: Qubic’s tick-based quorum consensus and Ethereum’s EVM execution layer.
The bridge doesn’t require trust in a single operator or centralized custodian. It runs on a 2-of-3 multisig governance model, meaning every critical administrative action (changing admins, adjusting fee parameters, withdrawing accumulated fees) requires agreement from at least two of three independent signers. No single party holds the keys. No single point of failure exists.
How It Works: Lock, Mint, Burn, Unlock
QBridge uses a lock-and-mint architecture, the same proven pattern that underpins the most reliable cross-chain bridges in the industry, but implemented natively within Qubic’s smart contract framework.
When a user bridges QUBIC to Ethereum, the process works as follows: the original tokens are locked inside the QBridge smart contract on Qubic, and an equivalent amount of wQUBIC, a fully backed ERC-20 token, is minted on Ethereum. The ratio is always 1:1. No fractional reserve. No synthetic exposure. Every wQUBIC in circulation on Ethereum is backed by a native QUBIC token held in the bridge contract.
Going the other direction, the wQUBIC is burned on Ethereum, and the corresponding native QUBIC is unlocked and returned to the user on Qubic. This two-phase commit pattern, where tokens are received first and only marked as locked upon successful completion, ensures that assets are never lost, even if a transaction fails mid-process. Every error path triggers a full refund of both tokens and fees.
The bridge charges a flat 1% total fee per order, split evenly: 0.5% goes to the bridge operator (Vottun), and 0.5% flows back to the network as dividends distributed to computor shareholders. A minimum order of 200 QU prevents dust spam. Importantly, fees are reserved at the time an order is created but only released for distribution once the order successfully completes. If something goes wrong, the user gets everything back.

Bridge Security: Audited, Multisig-Governed, and Refund-Protected
Bridge exploits have cost the crypto industry billions. The QBridge team clearly took that history seriously. The contract has undergone a full security audit, and every finding has been addressed in the current implementation.
The fixes are specific and substantive. Single-pass slot allocation eliminates redundant loops. Transfer operations follow a transfer-first pattern, where state is only updated after a successful transfer, closing a class of reentrancy-style vulnerabilities. The contract validates Ethereum addresses against zero values and checks proposal addresses against null IDs. Invocation rewards are captured immediately and excess payments are refunded. The nextOrderId counter increments only on successful order creation, preventing ID collisions from failed attempts.
Beyond the audit, the multisig governance layer adds structural protection. All admin proposals follow a create-approve-execute flow. A proposal auto-counts as the first approval from its creator, then requires a second admin to sign before execution. If the underlying action fails, the proposal deactivates cleanly. Creators can cancel pending proposals at any time. The threshold can be adjusted, but never below two approvals, through the same proposal mechanism.
Why the Qubic-Ethereum Bridge Matters for Interoperability
Qubic’s architecture is unlike anything else in crypto. Written in C++, executing directly on bare metal without a virtual machine layer, processing transactions with instant finality and zero fees, it’s a chain built for raw performance. But that distinctiveness has come with a cost: EVM incompatibility has been a recurring friction point for partnerships, exchange integrations, and wallet support.
QBridge doesn’t just move tokens. It moves Qubic into the orbit of Ethereum’s massive ecosystem. With wQUBIC as an ERC-20 token, QUBIC becomes accessible to every Ethereum wallet, every DEX aggregator, every lending protocol, and every portfolio tracker that supports the standard. Liquidity that was previously siloed inside Qubic can now flow into Ethereum’s DeFi stack, and capital from Ethereum can flow back.
The bridge also carries a cross-chain message communication layer capable of transmitting arbitrary payloads beyond simple token transfers: governance votes, oracle data, contract calls. This positions QBridge not just as a token ferry but as infrastructure for multi-chain applications that span Qubic’s compute layer and Ethereum’s financial layer. For users who need immediate settlement, LP-backed instant liquidity pools provide liquidity vouchers so assets arrive without waiting for full finality, with liquidity providers earning a small fee for the service.
Strategic Infrastructure: QBridge in Qubic’s Expansion Roadmap
It’s worth stepping back to see the larger picture. Qubic is building outward. The Solana bridge, developed by Avicenne Studio, is progressing through QA. Oracle Machine subscriptions are entering testnet, enabling smart contracts to react to real-world data feeds. The Network Guardians program is expanding decentralization. Neuraxon’s AI research has been accepted for IEEE publication. Moreover, the second token halving approaches in August 2026, tightening supply further against an already deflationary backdrop. Over 67 trillion tokens have been removed from circulation through burns and QEarn locks.
QBridge is the Ethereum piece of this expansion. It’s the infrastructure that makes Qubic legible to the EVM world, the world where the majority of on-chain liquidity, developer tooling, and institutional attention still concentrates. When builders on Ethereum can interact with QUBIC through familiar interfaces, when Qubic-native applications can leverage Ethereum’s DeFi primitives, the ecosystem surface area grows in ways that compound.
This is not a feature. It’s a foundation.
QBridge IPO: Epoch 205 Smart Contract Launch
The QBridge IPO is open now through next Wednesday’s epoch change. Bids go directly through the Qubic wallet. On April 2nd, the team expects to launch on open mainnet, execute the first transaction, and open Uniswap liquidity pools.
Under Qubic’s smart contract model, shares undergo an IPO via Dutch auction, a mechanism where the market itself determines the price. Smart contracts on Qubic are self-financing through their IPO, and the network fee share from bridge operations flows directly to shareholders as dividends.
For those paying attention to where Qubic’s infrastructure is heading, Epoch 205 represents a meaningful moment to participate early in what may become one of the most-used contracts on the network.
What Comes Next for Qubic Cross-Chain Connectivity
Qubic has spent its first two hundred epochs proving that a feeless, high-throughput blockchain can work at scale. The speed records are verified. The architecture is battle-tested. The ecosystem is growing.
Now the walls come down. QBridge connects Qubic’s compute power to Ethereum’s capital markets, its developer community, and its deep pool of financial primitives. It’s the first permanent, non-custodial corridor between these two networks, and it’s built to carry far more than tokens.
Epoch 205. The bridge is open.
https://qubic.org/blog-detail/qbridge-qubic-ethereum-cross-chain-bridge
#Qubic #Ethereum #BRIDGE

Written by Qubic Scientific Team

How Information Flows in Traditional Artificial Neural Networks
In the artificial intelligence models we know, information enters, is encoded, is transformed through algebraic matrices, and produces outputs. Even in the most advanced architectures such as transformers, the principle is the same: the signal passes through a series of well-defined operations within a structured system. The model functions as a directed processing circuit, from left to right, input-output, or from right to left, through backpropagation for adjustments and training.
The results, as we well know, are spectacular. By working over millions of language parameters, AI is capable of giving magnificent answers, along with some hallucinations, however. But if the goal is not to process inputs and produce outputs, but to build systems capable of maintaining an internal dynamics, adapting continuously, reorganizing themselves, regulating their learning, and sustaining intelligence as a property of the tissue, current AI falls short.
Although people sometimes speak of language models as imitations of the brain, in reality this is more of a comparative metaphor than a simulation of computational neuroscience. Biological systems do not handle information from left to right and vice versa. Information propagates through a network, feeds back on itself, and also oscillates, is dampened, or is reinforced depending on the context.

Fig 1. Left-right information flow in traditional artificial neural networks
Not Only Neurons: The Role of Astrocytes in Brain Function and Synaptic Plasticity
We usually associate cognition and intelligence with the functioning of neurons, their receptors, and neurotransmitters. But they are not the only cells in the nervous system. For a long time, astrocytes were considered nervous system cells devoted to support, cleaning, nutrition, and stability of the environment. Today we know that they actively participate in regulation; in fact, a term is used: tripartite synapse, in which they actively participate by detecting neurotransmitters, integrating signals from multiple synapses, modulating plasticity, and modifying the functional efficacy of the circuit.
A living network is not composed only of neurons that fire, but also of astrocytes that regulate how, when, and how much the system changes. In biology, computing is not only about emitting a signal but also about modulating the terrain where that signal will have an effect. Recent research has demonstrated that astrocytes can perform normalization operations analogous to self-attention mechanisms found in transformer architectures — linking astrocyte–neuron interactions directly to attention-like computation in artificial intelligence systems.

Fig. 2 Biological astrocytes and tripartite synapse 
Astrocytic Gating in Neuraxon: Bio-Inspired Neural Network Architecture
Neuraxon is an architecture that tries to recover and emulate the functioning of the brain and to compute functional properties that classical artificial networks have oversimplified.
As we have explained in previous volumes of this academy, Neuraxon does not work only with input, output, and hidden neurons in the conventional sense. It introduces units with states that emulate excitatory, inhibitory, or neutral potentials (-1, 0, +1). In addition, it does so within a continuous TEMPORAL dynamics where we take into account context and the recent history of activation. The network is no longer a sum of layers but resembles more a system with internal physiology. For deeper context on how these foundational elements work, see NIA Volume 1: Why Intelligence Is Not Computed in Steps, but in Time and NIA Volume 2: Ternary Dynamics as a Model of Living Intelligence.
We have explained how Neuraxon models transmission through fast, slow, and neuromodulatory receptors — a mechanism explored in depth in NIA Volume 3: Neuromodulation and Brain-Inspired AI. But now we also model the regulation of plasticity through astrocytic gating.
How Astrocyte-Gated Multi-Timescale Plasticity (AGMP) Works
Astrocytic gating introduces a gate inspired by the role of astrocytes in the tripartite synapse. The idea is to introduce a local, slow, and contextual filter that determines when a synaptic modification should be opened, dampened, or blocked. It is as if the system can consider whether there is permission for a change. This approach directly addresses the stability-plasticity dilemma, one of the most fundamental challenges in continual learning for neural networks.
Eligibility Traces and Local Synaptic Memory
How does it work? Through a kind of eligibility trace. It is a local memory that says, "something relevant has happened at this synapse." It is updated with a decay over time and with a function between presynaptic and postsynaptic activity. That is: the synapse accumulates local evidence of temporal coincidence or causality. From there, there is a global broadcast-type signal, such as an error, a possible reward, or something dopamine-like. The astrocytic gate selects whether the neuron is in a learning state. In future versions, astrocytes could modulate thousands of synapses if this provides a computational advantage.
This approach is consistent with recent advances in neuromorphic computing, including the Astrocyte-Gated Multi-Timescale Plasticity (AGMP) framework proposed for spiking neural networks, which similarly augments eligibility-trace learning with a slow astrocyte state that gates synaptic updates — yielding a four-factor learning rule (eligibility × modulatory signal × astrocytic gate × stabilization).
Endogenous Regulation: Why Neuraxon Is More Than a Conventional Neural Network
Neuraxon within QUBIC does not compete in scale or task performance. It works through an architecture with endogenous regulation. By incorporating astrocytic principles, it begins to behave like a network with internal ecology. That is: a system where it matters not only which units are activated, but which domains of the tissue are plastic, which are stabilized, which areas are damping noise, which are consolidating regularities, and which are preparing to reorganize themselves. For a comprehensive overview of how biological and artificial neural networks compare, see NIA Volume 4: Neural Networks in AI and Neuroscience.
For Aigarth and QUBIC, the goal is not to accumulate more parameters, but to introduce more levels of functional organization within the system.
Why Astrocytic Gating Matters for Aigarth and Decentralized AI
Aigarth is not a static model but an evolutionary tissue through an architecture capable of growing, mutating, pruning, generating functional offspring, and reorganizing its topology under adaptive pressures. In that context, Neuraxon contributes something: a rich computational microphysiology for the units that inhabit that tissue.
This has implications for robustness, adaptability, and memory. Also for scalability. In large architectures, the problem is not only that there are many units, but how to coordinate which parts of the system are available for reconfiguration and which must maintain stability.
In roadmap terms for QUBIC, the goal is to build systems where intelligence emerges not only from neuronal computation, but also from the coupling between fast processing, slow modulation, and structural evolution. You can explore these dynamics firsthand with the interactive Neuraxon 3D simulation on HuggingFace Spaces, where you can build, configure, and simulate a Neuraxon 2.0 network from scratch.
Fig 3. Neuraxon astrocytes gating - AGMP formulation
Scientific References
Allen, N. J., & Eroglu, C. (2017). Cell biology of astrocyte-synapse interactions. Neuron, 96(3), 697–708.Halassa, M. M., Fellin, T., & Haydon, P. G. (2007). The tripartite synapse: Roles for gliotransmission in health and disease. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 13(2), 54–63.Kofuji, P., & Araque, A. (2021). Astrocytes and behavior. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 44, 49–67.=Perea, G., Navarrete, M., & Araque, A. (2009). Tripartite synapses: Astrocytes process and control synaptic information. Trends in Neurosciences, 32(8), 421–431.Woodburn, R. L., Bollinger, J. A., & Wohleb, E. S. (2021). Synaptic and behavioral effects of astrocyte activation. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 15, 645267.=Vivancos, D. & Sanchez, J. (2026). Neuraxon v2.0: A New Neural Growth & Computation Blueprint. ResearchGate Preprint.
Explore the Full Neuraxon Intelligence Academy
This is Volume 5 of the Neuraxon Intelligence Academy by the Qubic Scientific Team. If you are just joining us, explore the complete series to build a full understanding of the science behind Neuraxon and Qubic's approach to brain-inspired, decentralized artificial intelligence:
NIA Volume 1: Why Intelligence Is Not Computed in Steps, but in Time — Explores why biological intelligence operates in continuous time rather than discrete computational steps like traditional LLMs.NIA Volume 2: Ternary Dynamics as a Model of Living Intelligence — Explains ternary dynamics and why three-state logic (excitatory, neutral, inhibitory) matters for modeling living systems.NIA Volume 3: Neuromodulation and Brain-Inspired AI — Covers neuromodulation and how the brain's chemical signaling (dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, norepinephrine) inspires Neuraxon's architecture.NIA Volume 4: Neural Networks in AI and Neuroscience — A deep comparison of biological neural networks, artificial neural networks, and Neuraxon's third-path approach.
Qubic is a decentralized, open-source network for experimental technology. To learn more, visit qubic.org
#Qubic #AGI #Neuraxon #academy #decentralized

In many blockchain ecosystems, running infrastructure is usually limited to validators with powerful hardware. But with Qubic, the architecture is being designed differently.

That’s where Qubic Guardians comes in.
Guardians is a community-driven program that encourages users to run nodes that help support the Qubic network, improving decentralization, data accessibility, and overall stability.
And the most interesting part?
You don’t need an ultra-powerful server with terabytes of RAM like Computor nodes to participate.
Guardians significantly lowers the infrastructure barrier, allowing more community members to help operate the network.
Two Types of Nodes in the Guardians System
Participants can run two main types of nodes.
1️⃣ Bob Node
Bob Nodes function as indexers for the Qubic network.
Their role is to process and provide blockchain data through APIs, enabling:
wallets to check balancesapplications to read transactionsWeb3 services to integrate blockchain data
In simple terms, Bob Nodes make it easier and faster for applications to read blockchain data.
2️⃣ Core Lite Node
Core Lite Nodes act as a lighter version of a full Qubic node.
They can:
receive network datavalidate ticks and transactionshelp distribute network information
Although they don’t participate in consensus like Computor nodes, they still play an important role in strengthening the network infrastructure.
How the Guardians System Works
The process is straightforward:
1️⃣ Users deploy a node
2️⃣ The network detects the node automatically
3️⃣ Performance and uptime are monitored
4️⃣ Nodes receive reliability scores
5️⃣ Rewards are distributed periodically
In short:
The more stable your node is, the more it contributes — and the more rewards it can earn.
Why Guardians Is Important
In many blockchain systems, community nodes often receive little incentive.
Qubic approaches this differently by turning node operators into a real infrastructure layer of the network.
Guardians help:
expand global network infrastructureimprove data access for dAppsreduce reliance on centralized serversincrease network resilience
You can think of Guardians as the immune system of the Qubic network.
The more nodes operating across the world, the stronger the network becomes.
Looking Ahead
Qubic is not just another blockchain.
The long-term vision is to build a decentralized computational infrastructure capable of supporting AI and advanced workloads.
That means the network needs:
fast data accesshighly reliable infrastructurescalable global participation
Guardians represent the community-powered layer that helps make this possible.
One thing is becoming increasingly clear:
The real strength of blockchain does not only come from technology.
It comes from the community that runs it.
And with Qubic Guardians, the community is becoming part of the network itself.
https://guardians.qubic.org/
#Qubic #aicrypto #Decentralization #AI #blockchain 🚀

The diagram above reveals how Qubic integrates Dogecoin mining into its Useful Proof-of-Work (uPoW) ecosystem — turning mining infrastructure into a coordinated distributed computing system.
Here’s the simplified flow:
1️⃣ Miners → Pool Server
ASIC miners connect through the Stratum protocol to a Qubic Pool Server.
The pool distributes tasks and sets the difficulty for mining shares.
2️⃣ Pool Server → Dispatcher
The Pool Server communicates with a Dispatcher, a custom bridge between the Qubic network and external Dogecoin mining pools.
3️⃣ Dispatcher → DOGE Pool
The Dispatcher forwards mining tasks to a Dogecoin pool server and returns valid shares from miners.
4️⃣ Decentralized Validation via Qubic Network
Instead of trusting a single mining pool operator, Qubic validates shares through its decentralized Oracle Machines. Multiple oracle nodes check whether the Doge share is valid before confirming it on-chain. (qubic.org)
Up to 13 oracle commits can be included in a single transaction, ensuring high-throughput validation while keeping the system decentralized. (qubic.org)
Why This Is Different From Traditional Mining
Most mining pools rely on centralized share validation.
Qubic introduces something new:
🔹 Decentralized validation through Oracle Machines
🔹 Parallel computation architecture
🔹 AI training + crypto mining running simultaneously
Because Dogecoin mining uses ASIC hardware, while Qubic’s AI training (Aigarth) runs on CPUs and GPUs, both workloads can operate in parallel without competing for resources. (qubic.org)
This means:
ASIC hardware mines $DOGECPU/GPU resources continue training decentralized AIThe network produces both economic value and useful computation
April 1, 2026 — A Major Milestone
Testing started in March and the mainnet launch target is April 1, 2026. (qubic.org)

If successful, this will be one of the first real demonstrations of a blockchain coordinating multiple types of compute workloads at once — AI training, oracle validation, and external PoW mining.
For Qubic, Dogecoin mining is not just about hashrate.
It’s a proof that Useful Proof-of-Work can scale beyond traditional mining into a multi-purpose decentralized compute infrastructure.
📖 Full technical breakdown:
https://qubic.org/blog-detail/qubic-dogecoin-mining-how-it-works
💥On Binance: Dogecoin Mining on Qubic: How It Works and Why It Matters
#Qubic #DOGE #Aİ #DePIN #CryptoMining