#VitalikOutlinesLeanEthereumRoadmap Vitalik Buterin has unveiled a multi-year "Lean Ethereum" roadmap, describing it as the next major evolution of Ethereum after the Merge. The plan is expected to roll out over the next 3–4 years and focuses on making the network simpler, faster, more secure, and more scalable.

Key highlights include:

Quantum-resistant cryptography to prepare Ethereum for future quantum computing threats.

Recursive STARKs to improve transaction verification and scalability.

Privacy as a core protocol feature, rather than an optional add-on.

Consensus upgrades aimed at faster finality and lower latency.

New state architecture designed to scale Ethereum significantly while potentially reducing gas costs for many applications.

Exploration of LeanVM/RISC-V-style execution models to modernize Ethereum's virtual machine over time.

The roadmap is a long-term research and engineering direction rather than a single hard fork, with changes expected to be introduced gradually across multiple network upgrades.