Exchanges, ETFs, treasury companies, governments, whales and Satoshi Nakamoto - these are the biggest holdersWhen grouping different wallets together into an entity, Satoshi Nakamoto - the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin - is the largest holder of the currency, in possession of 1.096 million BTC (around $101 billion). Arkham’s tags are derived from a known mining pattern referred to as the Patoshi Pattern, and include the only (known) addresses from which Satoshi spent BTC from. Arkham’s research indicates he acquired this amount as a reward for mining 22,000 blocks.When it comes to individual addresses, the wallet holding the largest amount of BTC is a Binance exchange cold wallet, with almost 250,000 Bitcoin. Using Arkham, we can see which specific wallets hold the most Bitcoin:Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency which operates on the blockchain - a peer-to-peer network. Because of these properties, nobody is the real owner of the Bitcoin network as a whole, but individuals can access & own the Bitcoin controlled by their own private keys.Bitcoin’s substantial appreciation in price, to around $126,000 in October 2025 and a peak market capitalization of $2.48 trillion, has consequently produced several Bitcoin billionaires and other affluent holders along the way. In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the people, companies and wallets which have become crypto whales and investigate the amounts of Bitcoin they hold, based on on-chain data and their own public announcements.Note: Bitcoin’s price is constantly fluctuating and the amount of BTC held by specific wallets may change over time. To stay up to date with the latest, sign up to Arkham and review our Bitcoin token page to see the top token holders.Satoshi Nakamoto is the largest holder of Bitcoin, in possession of 1.1 million Bitcoin worth approximately $101 billion at today’s prices.
Coinbase is the second-largest entity with holdings of 885k BTC. BlackRock has 778k, Binance has 629k, Fidelity Custody has 472k, and Strategy has 415k (although Strategy controls 674k BTC but some of this BTC is attributed to Fidelity Custody on-chain due to their omnibus custodial method)The United States Government holds 328k BTC. These holdings are from various asset seizures of criminal organisations.
There are multiple unknown Bitcoin billionaire wallets, with most being inactive following the initial inflow of Bitcoin to the wallet.LARGEST BITCOIN WALLETS
The Arkham Intel Platform groups wallets associated with one person or organisation into “entities”. Entities are useful because large holders rarely keep all their assets in a single wallet for security and operational reasons. By grouping all associated wallets into a single entity, the Intel Platform provides a much more accurate and complete picture of that entity's total holdings and influence in the cryptoHowever, it is also possible to look at individual wallets, separated from their labelled entity. Below is a table of the top individual wallets. The top four are all cold wallets controlled by the world’s largest exchanges.
The fifth largest wallet is controlled by the U.S. Government from the Bitfinex Hack Recovery. The sixth largest is a wallet controlled by Tether to manage their Bitcoin reserves.