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Web 2.0 — The Interactive Web

By the early 2000s, the Internet had changed. Websites became more complex and more alive. What used to be a quiet library turned into a busy place where people could talk, share, and interact — this is Web 2.0. The Internet became part of everyday life: social media, online marketplaces, games, videos, and even online healthcare.

Now you’re not just reading — you’re taking part. You can post photos, leave comments, and buy things with one click. Platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok appeared, where billions of people spend time and communicate every day.

Crypto exchanges are platforms where you can buy, sell, or swap cryptocurrency.

There are two main types:

Centralized Exchanges (CEX) — like Binance, Bybit. These are platforms run by a company. It processes all trades and holds users' funds, controlling their private keys.

Their main advantage is convenience: you can quickly buy crypto with a bank card, trading speed is high, and liquidity is huge. But there is a fundamental risk: if the platform is hacked or suddenly stops working, your funds could be at risk.

Cryptocurrencies are generally divided into two main groups: coins and tokens.

Coins are the native currencies of their own blockchain. They're used to pay network fees and reward participants. Examples: Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH).

Tokens are built on top of existing blockchains. They can represent anything: company shares, access to a service, and

Cold wallets — private keys are stored offline. This can be a hardware wallet (Ledger, Trezor) or even a paper wallet (a printed QR code). These wallets offer maximum security but are less convenient for frequent transfers and everyday use.

Hot decentralized wallets — connected to the Internet: mobile and desktop apps, browser extensions (MetaMask, Trust Wallet), and web wallets. They are very convenient for daily use, but being online makes them more vulnerable to hacks.

Hot centralized wallets — a third party (usually a major exchange) holds the keys for you. You don’t have to worry about keys, but you lose full control: “not your keys, not your coins.”

Unlike traditional money (called fiat), cryptocurrencies have no physical form. They exist only as records on the blockchain that update who owns the funds.

Web 2.0 — The Interactive Web

By the early 2000s, the Internet had changed. Websites became more complex and more alive. What used to be a quiet library turned into a busy place where people could talk, share, and interact — this is Web 2.0. The Internet became part of everyday life: social media, online marketplaces, games, videos, and even online healthcare.

Now you’re not just reading — you’re taking part. You can post photos, leave comments, and buy things with one click. Platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok appeared, where billions of people spend time and communicate every day.

Web 1.0 (the 90s): Like a library — read-only, simple pages, slow and unstable.

Web 2.0 (the 2000s): Interactive and mainstream, but centralized — data is held by companies, which brings risks of leaks and losing control.

Web 3.0 (now and beyond): Decentralized, secure, user-owned. Thanks to technologies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and DeNet, you own your assets and data. The network runs on trust in code, not corporations

By the early 2000s, the Internet had changed. Websites became more complex and more alive. What used to be a quiet library turned into a busy place where people could talk, share, and interact — this is Web 2.0. The Internet became part of everyday life: social media, online marketplaces, games, videos, and even online healthcare.

Web 3.0 is not just about technology — it’s also about the people who keep the network running. By running a Watcher Node, you become part of this community and help make the network more reliable. And if you stay active, you can eventually take on other roles too — for example, becoming a DeNet representative and helping distribute its products.

Public Key: Your address for receiving cryptocurrency and your identifier in the Web 3.0 world.

Private Key: Grants access to your assets. All transactions are signed with it.

Wallets: Store your keys and enable cryptocurrency operations. There are hot (online) and cold (offline, like a hardware device or paper) wallets.

CEX: A company-run exchange. Convenient for beginners and for converting to fiat, but the exchange holds and controls your keys and

Ethereum — a huge global computer that never turns off. Over 100 million smart contracts have been deployed on its network. Each one is a working application: a DeFi protocol, a game, an NFT collection, or a service. To keep this machine running, you need ETH — the "fuel" of the entire ecosystem.

dApps are next-generation applications. They run on a blockchain using smart contracts, which means no central authority and no external control. This lets you use financial services, play games, share content, and work directly with others — without middlemen.

Decentralized networks rely on thousands of independent participants around the world. They sync data, verify transactions, and ensure security. All of this works thanks to clear roles, shared rules, and a reward system.

Smart contracts are self-executing digital agreements stored on a blockchain, where terms are written directly into code. They automatically execute transactions when predefined conditions are met, eliminating the need for intermediaries. These tamper-proof programs enhance security, efficiency, and trust across decentralized applications. 

Blockchain is an open, distributed ledger where every transaction is recorded forever. There is no customer support here that you can message to ask, 'Where is my money?'. In a decentralized network, you are the one in control of your assets, and a blockchain explorer is your main tool for monitoring them.

The defining feature of cryptocurrencies is that they generally don’t require central authorities like banks or governments to verify transactions. Instead, they use encryption techniques to secure transactions, control the creation of new units, and verify the transfer of assets. The use of these encryption technologies means cryptocurrencies function both as a currency and as a virtual accounting system.

What are the risks to using cryptocurrency? Cryptocurrencies are still relatively new, and the market for these digital currencies is very volatile. Since cryptocurrencies don't need banks or any other third party to regulate them; they tend to be uninsured and are hard to convert into a form of tangible currency (such as US dollars or euros.) In addition, since cryptocurrencies are technology-based intangible assets, they can be hacked like any other intangible technology asset. Finally, since you store your cryptocurrencies in a digital wallet, if you lose your wallet (or access to it or to wallet backups), you have lost your entire cryptocurrency investment.

#fogo $FOGO platform based on the Ethereum blockchain network. It allows for the issuance and trading of rights to execute and sell real estate development projects as NFTs, making it a new concept in real estate development finance mediated by NFT. This approach lowers the entry barrier to real estate investment and aims to increase transparency and fairness in the industry.

Cryptocurrency is a type of digital currency that generally exists only electronically. You usually use your phone, computer, or a cryptocurrency ATM to buy cryptocurrency. Bitcoin and Ether are well-known cryptocurrencies, but there are many different cryptocurrencies, and new ones keep being created.

A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) can most easily be understood as a digital form of cash. It can be issued by the central bank, accessible to the general public, and used to settle transactions between firms and households. The unit of account would be the national currency, and it could be exchanged at parity (i.e. one for one) with other forms of money, such as physical currency or electronic deposits with well-regulated financial institutions.