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♻️ @Walrus 🦭/acc is a decentralized blob storage network designed to provide high-integrity, available storage for large binary objects (blobs) with low overhead. Developed by The MystenLabs Team, the project integrates a high-performance blockchain as a control plane for metadata and governance while utilizing a separate committee of storage nodes to manage the actual data.
At its technical core, Walrus uses a novel two-dimensional erasure coding protocol called Red Stuff. This allows the system to achieve high security with a low replication factor (4.5x), significantly lower than the 25x overhead often required for similar security levels in fully replicated systems.
♻️ Problems Handled by Walrus
Walrus is designed to solve:
• The Replication/Efficiency Trade-off: Existing systems either rely on full replication, which is prohibitively expensive, or simple erasure coding schemes that struggle with efficient recovery when nodes leave the network (churn).
• High Recovery Costs (Self-Healing): In traditional encoded systems, replacing a failed storage node requires transmitting the entire blob across the network (O(∣blob∣)). Walrus enables self-healing recovery where bandwidth is proportional only to the lost data (O(∣blob∣/n)), making it much more scalable.
• Vulnerability in Asynchronous Networks: Most current decentralized storage assumes a synchronous network to ensure nodes are actually storing data. Walrus is the first protocol to support storage challenges in asynchronous networks, preventing malicious actors from using network delays to pass verification without storing the data.
• Storage Node Churn: Walrus introduces a multi-stage epoch change protocol that handles the natural entry and exit of storage nodes in a permissionless system without interrupting the availability of data for reading or writing.
• Decentralized Application Needs: The sources highlight that Walrus addresses the "poor integrity and availability" of traditional web hosting for dApps, NFT data, AI training sets, and decentralized social media, which require neutral and high-integrity storage.
♻️ Backers and Infrastructure
Walrus is primarily backed and developed by Mysten Labs. The project relies on the following infrastructure and partners:
• Sui Blockchain: Walrus uses the Sui blockchain as a "computational black box" to handle control operations, such as registering blobs and managing storage space.
• Move Language: Critical coordination protocols are implemented using the Move smart contract language.
• WAL Token: The system's economic security is underpinned by staking the WAL token, which is used to reward honest storage nodes and penalize (slash) those who fail data challenges or shard migrations.
• Open-Source Community: The implementation is released as open-source and has been tested on a public testnet comprising over 100 independently operated storage nodes
♻️ Sui blockchain play in Walrus operations
The Sui blockchain serves as the control plane and foundational coordination layer for the Walrus network. While the actual data (blobs) is stored on a separate committee of storage nodes, Sui handles metadata, governance, and the economic lifecycle of the storage process.
The specific roles Sui plays in Walrus operations include:
1. Management of the "Point of Availability" (PoA)
Sui acts as the source of truth for whether data is officially "available" on the network.
• Blob Registration: A writer begins by submitting a transaction to the Sui blockchain to register a blob ID and acquire the necessary storage space.
• Proof of Availability: Once the writer collects enough signatures (2f+1) from storage nodes, they publish this "write certificate" on-chain. This creates a Point of Availability (PoA), which signals a formal obligation for storage nodes to keep that data accessible for a specified duration.
• Node Synchronization: Storage nodes actively listen to the Sui blockchain for these PoA events; if a node realizes it missed a blob during the initial write flow, the on-chain certificate triggers its self-healing recovery process.
2. Economic and Staking Infrastructure
The financial security of Walrus is built directly on Sui's infrastructure using the WAL token.
• Staking and Slashing: Walrus utilizes delegated staking implemented via self-custodied objects on Sui. If a storage node fails data challenges or mismanages shard migrations, the Walrus smart contracts on Sui assess penalties and "slash" the staked principal.
• Storage Resources: Reservations for storage space are represented as on-chain resources on Sui. These resources can be traded, split across time/space, or reassociated with new blobs, creating a secondary market for storage.
• Payments: All payments for writing and storing data are managed through Sui smart contracts, which distribute tokens to storage nodes at the end of each epoch.
3. Governance and Coordination
Sui provides the "computational black box" needed to maintain a total order of updates for the decentralized network.
• Committee Reconfiguration: Sui manages the transition between epochs. It records staking levels to determine shard assignments for the next committee of storage nodes.
• Storage Challenges: The protocol uses on-chain events, such as specific block heights, to trigger storage challenges. Nodes must submit proof-of-storage certificates to the blockchain to prove they are still holding the data they were assigned.
• Fraud Proofs: If a malicious writer uploads inconsistent data, storage nodes can attest to this on-chain. Once a quorum of f+1 attestations is reached, the blob is officially marked as invalid.
4. Technical Implementation (Move Language)
Critical coordination protocols for Walrus are implemented using the Move smart contract language on Sui. This allows for the creation of programmable resources—such as the staking objects—that provide a secure and auditable framework for managing the network's decentralized state
#walrus $WAL

There’s a myth that greatness comes from big ideas, big launches, and big moments.
That’s not my experience.
Remarkable people win because they do something far less glamorous:
They finish.
As 2025 winds down, I’ve realized that finishing strong is one of the most underrated competitive advantage there is. Anyone can brainstorm an idea that sounds brilliant. Anyone can start a project with enthusiasm. But the people who ship—really ship—separate themselves from everyone who simply “meant to.”
Finishing strong isn’t about perfection.
It’s about follow-through.
It’s about sending the email. Making the decision. Wrapping the draft. Closing the loop. Taking the last step when most people settle for “good enough” or “I’ll get to it in January.”
As Steve Jobs said, “Real artists ship.”
Here’s the beauty of finishing:
It creates momentum.
When you end a year with clarity—rather than a pile of half-done tasks—you start the next one with purpose instead of pressure.
So before midnight tonight, ask yourself one question:
What’s the one thing I can finish today that will make tomorrow lighter?
And then finish it.
Not because the calendar demands it, but because it’s the fastest way to become more remarkable in 2026.
Here’s to closing strong—and starting even stronger.
Happy new year!

The economics of Walrus are designed to enforce long-term storage contracts in a decentralized environment where traditional legal systems cannot reach. To mitigate the "tragedy of the commons" and ensure nodes do not default on their commitments, Walrus utilizes a robust incentive structure centered on the WAL token, competitive pricing mechanisms, and structured staking.
1. Staking and the $WAL Token
The primary tool for securing the network is staked capital. Staking underpins the system by rewarding honest behavior and punishing malicious or negligent actions through slashing.
• Delegated Staking: Users who do not run nodes can delegate their WAL tokens to storage nodes based on their reputation, own capital, and commission rates.
• Shard Assignment: Shards (and the subsequent rewards) are assigned to nodes in proportion to their total associated stake.
• Self-Custody and Slashing: Walrus implements staking via self-custodied objects on the Sui blockchain. Because Walrus does not hold the principal, penalties are assessed when a user "unwraps" their object to reclaim tokens. To ensure users return even heavily slashed objects, Walrus always returns a baseline amount (e.g., 5%) of the initial principal.
• Rewards and Penalties: At the end of each epoch, nodes earn rewards for proven data storage, facilitating writes, and participating in shard recovery. Conversely, they are penalized for failing storage challenges.
2. Shard Migration Incentives
As stake fluctuates, shards must migrate between nodes. The system uses financial pressure to ensure these migrations are completed efficiently:
• Cooperative Pathway: If nodes coordinate a transfer successfully, no penalties occur.
• Recovery Pathway: If a transfer fails, the sender is heavily slashed, and the receiver is lightly slashed (to prevent them from falsely reporting a failed migration). The slashed funds are then distributed to other nodes that assist in the shard recovery.
3. Market Dynamics and Pricing
@Walrus 🦭/acc creates a competitive market for storage and writes through a decentralized voting process:
• Collective Pricing: Nodes vote on shard sizes and prices for storage and writes. The system selects the 66.67th percentile (by stake weight) of submissions, ensuring that 2/3 of the network is willing to provide service at or below that price.
• Storage Resources: Storage is sold as "resources" (reservations) that can be traded, split, or reassociated with new blobs. This flexibility fosters a secondary market for storage, increasing economic efficiency.
• Refundable Write Deposits: To minimize network overhead, users pay a write price that includes a refundable deposit. The more storage node signatures a user collects (proving they sent the data directly to multiple nodes), the more of the deposit is returned, incentivizing users to reduce the need for node-to-node recovery.
4. The "Incentivized Read" Problem
Currently, Walrus encourages storage nodes to provide free read access, but this faces a "public goods problem" where nodes may avoid serving data to save bandwidth, hoping others will do it instead. To solve this, the sources propose several future mechanisms:
• On-Chain Bounties: Users could post bounties to access data if best-effort reads fail.
• Node Service Models: Nodes could strike paid bilateral contracts or enterprise deals to provide guaranteed high-quality read access.
• Light-Node Sampling: A second class of "light nodes" could be incentivized to store and serve small samples of data, earning rewards for helping in recovery or serving missing symbols.
5. Token Governance
Governance is strictly parameter-focused rather than protocol-focused. WAL token holders vote to adjust penalty levels (such as the cost for shard recovery or failing data challenges). Any node can issue a proposal, and consensus is reached if a proposal earns over 50% of the votes cast, provided a quorum is met.
#walrus

Red Stuff is the innovative technical core of the Walrus network, serving as a two-dimensional (2D) erasure coding protocol that balances storage efficiency with high security. While traditional systems use full replication (requiring 25x overhead for high security) or simple 1D erasure coding (which is expensive to repair), Red Stuff enables Walrus to achieve "twelve nines" of security with only a 4.5x replication factor.
The Mechanics of Red Stuff
Unlike standard encoding that splits a file into a simple list of pieces, Red Stuff organizes a blob into a matrix of symbols.
• 2D Matrix Structure: A blob is initially split into a grid of (f+1) rows and (2f+1) columns.
• Primary and Secondary Slivers: The system extends this grid with repair symbols in both dimensions. Each storage node is assigned a "primary sliver" (an extended row) and a "secondary sliver" (an extended column).
• Threshold Flexibility: The 2D approach allows for different reconstruction thresholds. For instance, nodes can use a low-threshold dimension to recover missing data during write flows, while a high-threshold dimension is utilized for the read path to ensure security in asynchronous networks.
• Self-Healing Recovery: Red Stuff's most significant advantage is its efficient recovery process. If a node loses its data, it can reconstruct its slivers using bandwidth proportional only to the lost data (O(∣blob∣/n)), whereas traditional systems require transmitting the entire blob (O(∣blob∣)) for every repair.
Walrus Proofs and Challenges
@Walrus 🦭/acc utilizes Red Stuff to implement the first asynchronous storage challenge protocol, which ensures nodes are actually storing the data they were assigned without assuming messages arrive within a fixed timeframe.
• Write Certificates and PoA: To prove data is available, a writer must collect 2f+1 signatures from nodes to form a Write Certificate. This is published on the Sui blockchain as a Point of Availability (PoA), creating an on-chain obligation for nodes to maintain that data.
• The Asynchronous Challenge Protocol: Near the end of an epoch, nodes engage in a challenge where they must exchange specific symbols and proof-of-inclusion against the blob's metadata.
• Byzantine Resistance: The math of Red Stuff prevents malicious nodes from "faking" storage. To pass a challenge for a symbol they don't have, a malicious node would need to reconstruct the primary sliver, which requires 2f+1 symbols. However, even if they collude with all other malicious nodes (f−1 others) and slow down some honest nodes (f nodes), they can only gather 2f−1 symbols, which is insufficient to pass the challenge.
• Fraud Proofs for Inconsistent Encoding: If a malicious writer uploads data that does not follow the correct Red Stuff encoding, storage nodes can generate a third-party verifiable proof of inconsistency. If f+1 nodes attest to this inconsistency on-chain, the blob is marked as invalid, allowing nodes to delete the faulty data.
• Probabilistic Relaxations: To save bandwidth, Walrus can use a lightweight challenge protocol. This uses a decentralized random coin to select only a subset of blobs for verification; if reads begin to fail, the system dynamically increases the number of challenges
#walrus $WAL

Overview
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Data Sources
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Verification Mechanism
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Conclusion
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