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What are the Hooks in Uniswap V4? Why do they call them hooks?
In the programming world, a 'Hook' is a classic term that refers to specific points in the main workflow of a system where external code can attach and execute custom logic without altering the core code itself.
We can think of Hooks as little programs or smart triggers attached to each liquidity pool. Developers can set rules in advance, allowing the liquidity pool to automatically execute operations at specific times.
For example, checking participant eligibility before a trade, dynamically adjusting fees based on market fluctuations during a trade, or automatically reinvesting profits after a trade.

Recently, Uniswap V4 has exploded into the spotlight🔥 Many projects are leveraging Hook to innovate, with NFT, DeFi, mining, and custom price curves... all sorts of strategies are in play, with market caps ranging from 2M to 40M, making it one of the hottest innovation tracks lately!
To put it simply: Hook is like fitting every liquidity pool with a 'draggable trailer'; it's not just a simple swap, but a programmable framework👇
When a pool is created, it binds to the Hook contract, allowing it to automatically trigger custom code at key lifecycle points—before and after trades, and before and after adding/removing liquidity. That's why Hook projects are popping up with all sorts of creativity now!

Putin Just Said What Everyone Already Knew
Let’s be real — nobody should be shocked by this.
Vladimir Putin stepped up and delivered what is basically a loud confirmation of something the world has already been watching unfold for years: “We will sell our oil to whoever we want. We don’t need America’s permission, and we are not under anyone’s control.”
Bold. Defiant. But from Moscow’s perspective? Nothing new.$BTC
Here’s what actually matters behind the headline. Russia hasn’t “declared” anything — it has already rebuilt the entire structure of its energy trade. China is absorbing large volumes. India has become a major buyer. And Western restrictions like the price cap didn’t stop flows — they rerouted them. New shipping routes, new payment systems, new buyers. A parallel energy ecosystem is already in place.
When Putin says this publicly, it’s less a warning and more a performance of control over a system that has already adjusted.
The timing is what stands out. Oil markets are already under pressure. OPEC+ dynamics remain fragile. Global demand signals are uneven. And in the middle of all that, Moscow is reinforcing the idea that it has optionality — that it doesn’t rely on any single bloc anymore.
But here’s the reality check: this isn’t one-sided power. Russia still depends heavily on revenue from these exports. Buyers still depend on supply stability. It’s a mutual lock-in, just with different partners than before.
So the real question isn’t whether Russia is independent.
It’s whether the global energy system has quietly split into two parallel worlds — and whether the West’s influence is still as strong as it used to be.$BTC
That answer is still unfolding.
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Having explored foundational tools like oscillators, moving averages, and Fibonacci retracement, it’s time to delve into Elliott Wave Theory for analyzing bitcoin prices. This advanced technical analysis method focuses on identifying recurring price patterns, or “waves,” driven by market psychology. Understanding Elliott Wave offers a unique lens to anticipate bitcoin’s volatile cycles and potential trend reversals by mapping its distinct impulse and corrective wave structures.
Elliott Wave Theory, developed by accountant Ralph Nelson Elliott in the 1930s, is a technical analysis method based on the observation that crowd psychology drives financial markets in predictable, repetitive cycles. Forced into retirement by illness, Elliott meticulously studied decades of stock market data and concluded that prices move in distinct, fractal patterns reflecting swings between optimism and pessimism. He detailed his findings in “The Wave Principle” published in 1938.
The theory identifies two primary wave types. Impulse (or motive) waves consist of five sub-waves (labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and move in the direction of the main trend. Within this structure, waves 1, 3, and 5 advance the trend, while waves 2 and 4 represent smaller pullbacks.
Corrective waves consist of three sub-waves (labeled A, B, C) and move against the main trend, acting as interruptions. A core tenet is the fractal nature of these patterns. This means the same basic wave structures – five waves up followed by three waves down in a bull market, or vice versa in a bear market – repeat across all timeframes, from minute charts to multi-decade charts.
Analysts also frequently observe relationships between wave lengths adhering to Fibonacci ratios (like 38%, 50%, or 62% retracements). Bitcoin’s well-documented volatility and cyclical price movements make it a frequent subject for Elliott Wave analysis. Traders apply the theory to identify potential trend direction, continuation points, and reversals within the cryptocurrency’s price charts.
Applying Elliott Wave Theory to bitcoin (BTC) trading follows a structured process. First, traders identify the primary trend – whether bitcoin is in a bullish (uptrend) or bearish (downtrend) phase. This sets the context for labeling the waves.
Next comes the crucial step of labeling the waves according to their position and characteristics. In an uptrend, traders look for a developing five-wave impulse pattern upwards (1-2-3-4-5), expected to be followed by a three-wave corrective pattern downwards (A-B-C). The reverse applies in a downtrend.
Bitcoin traders use this wave identification to spot potential entry and exit points. Common strategies include looking for entry opportunities during the pullbacks of Wave 2 or Wave 4 within an uptrend impulse pattern, aiming to capitalize on the anticipated strong moves of Wave 3 or Wave 5. Traders often consider exiting long positions as Wave 5 matures or when the corrective A-B-C pattern begins. Conversely, corrective waves (A-B-C) signal caution for trend-following positions.
Analysis typically involves examining multiple timeframes. A five-wave impulse pattern visible on a weekly bitcoin chart might contain smaller, complete five-wave patterns within it on daily or hourly charts. This multi-scale analysis helps traders align their strategies with different time horizons.
Key rules help maintain consistency in wave counting: Wave 2 cannot retrace more than 100% of Wave 1; Wave 3 cannot be the shortest among waves 1, 3, and 5; and Wave 4 must not overlap with the price territory of Wave 1. Violation of these core rules invalidates the wave count.
However, applying Elliott Wave Theory effectively requires significant practice. The interpretation can be subjective, leading different analysts to see different wave counts on the same bitcoin chart. Its probabilistic nature, rather than deterministic, means it suggests possibilities, not certainties.
Therefore, Bitcoin traders are generally advised to use Elliott Wave analysis in conjunction with other technical indicators – such as moving averages, oscillators like the relative strength index ( RSI), or volume analysis – for confirmation of signals and improved decision-making. It provides a framework for understanding market structure and psychology, but its application demands skill and disciplined risk management, especially in the fast-moving crypto markets.
As mentioned earlier, one of the inherent problems with Elliott Wave Theory lies in its deeply subjective nature—pinpointing where one wave concludes and another begins is often a matter of interpretation rather than empirical precision. Given that financial markets don’t arrive conveniently labeled, traders are left to lean on pattern recognition, contextual inference, and individual discretion when counting waves—a process that frequently spawns contention, even among seasoned analysts, with some critics dismissing the entire theory as little more than financial fortune-telling.
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Asia reportedly drives nearly half of global stablecoin flows, powering cross-border trade and institutional liquidity. Yet in the major banks of Singapore, Hong Kong, and Jakarta, reception to stablecoins remains distinctly cold.
While some observers attribute this to a “generational gap” or a lack of technical understanding, Bernardo Bilotta, CEO and co-founder of Stables, argues that the reality is far more calculated. According to Bilotta, the reluctance of Asian banks to embrace stablecoins is not a failure of imagination but a masterclass in institutional self-preservation.
For a commercial bank, the most critical asset on the balance sheet is not cash or property; it is the relationship with the central bank. In many Southeast Asian markets, the regulatory environment for digital assets remains a moving target.
Taking on stablecoin exposure, even just for processing, means taking on reputational risk with the regulator before the rules are fully settled,” Bilotta said. In an environment where guidance can tighten significantly from one quarter to the next with little warning, the risk of a regulatory pivot makes long-term infrastructure investment a gamble most banks are unwilling to take.
Beyond local regulators, Asian banks must answer to a global hierarchy. To facilitate international trade, these institutions rely on correspondent banking relationships with partners in New York and London.
Bilotta points out a harsh reality of the current global financial plumbing: Compliance teams in Western financial hubs are notoriously risk-averse. If a bank in Jakarta or Bangkok begins dabbling in stablecoins, it risks being flagged by its Western partners. The threat of having a correspondent relationship terminated—effectively cutting a bank off from the U.S. dollar or euro markets—is a survival logic that far outweighs the potential profits of stablecoin integration.
Even for banks willing to look past the risk, a new hurdle has emerged: regulatory fragmentation. Across Asia, jurisdictions are taking vastly different paths. Singapore, for instance, has embedded stablecoin rules into its existing Payment Services Act, while Hong Kong recently enacted a standalone Stablecoins Ordinance.
Critics argue these silos hamper growth, as a token compliant in one city may face hurdles just an hour’s flight away. However, Bilotta views this not as a roadblock but as a necessary phase of convergence.
Framing it as purely a problem misses what’s actually happening,” Bilotta said. “Singapore and Hong Kong have different approaches to the same goal: treating stablecoins as regulated payment instruments. The underlying principles—reserve backing, redemption rights, and AML compliance—are converging.”
The status quo in Asia is currently a tense standoff. On one side is the undeniable gravity of transaction volume; on the other are the rigid requirements of legacy compliance.
Until the cost of inaction exceeds the cost of action, the status quo holds,” Bilotta said. The cautious stance of Asian banks isn’t irrational—it is a defensive crouch. However, as the infrastructure layer becomes more robust and local-currency tokens begin to solve the “last-mile” problem, the pressure on these institutions will only grow. The question for Asia’s banking sector is no longer whether they understand the technology but how much longer they can afford to prioritize survival over evolution.
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