What Is a Digital Dollar?

A digital dollar would be a form of legal tender in the U.S. that could be used to purchase goods and services, and settle all and any outstanding debts. But it would exist in virtual form only, stored and exchanged online via computer networks, never taking the physical form of paper banknotes.

CBDCs resemble cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. But while Bitcoin is managed by a decentralized network made up of tens of thousands of participants, CBDCs are highly centralized assets managed by governments and central banks.

More and more, the use of physical cash is being replaced by digital transactions, via credit cards, debit cards and payment apps. However, transactions using digital dollars would be very different—that’s because a digital dollar would be a direct liability of the Federal Reserve, rather than a commercial bank or another financial institution.

How Would a Digital Dollar Work?

In today’s U.S. financial system, people access their money via banks, each of which has its own distinct system for tracking payments and deposits. As a result, transactions involving multiple banks can involve delays of one to three working days, since action is required from intermediary banks to ensure they are completed accurately.

With a digital dollar, there would most likely be a single, unified system for tracking payments and deposit, run by the Fed or another government entity. It’s worth noting that the central bank has yet to commit to creating a CBDC in the first place, so the final form of a digital dollar system remains an open issue.

Presently the Fed is studying how a digital dollar could help expand consumer access to the financial system and support faster and cheaper payments.