AFME has published a new vision paper for DLT-based European capital markets.
Europe's next market architecture needs compliant network infrastructure. ↓
The paper points to a model built around: - multi-chain interoperability - regulated financial institutions operating asset ledgers - central-bank-money connectivity through Pontes - collateral eligibility for DLT securities
Regulated assets need more than wrappers.
They need identity, transfer controls, settlement finality, privacy, and disclosure rules inside the market workflow.
Dusk approaches that through architecture: - Phoenix shielded transactions on DuskDS - Confidential transactions on DuskEVM with Hedger - Selective disclosure for compliance - Deterministic finality - Atomic DvP settlement for regulated financial workflows
Tokenization gets assets onchain.
Market infrastructure makes them usable.
Source: AFME DLT capital markets vision paper ↓ https://www.afme.eu/news-insights/press-releases/afme-sets-out-vision-for-future-dlt-based-architecture-for-european-capital-markets/
In our Space with Shift, the discussion kept returning to one point: tokenized assets only matter when the market around them works.
That means issuance, settlement, access, privacy, liquidity, and compliance need to fit together. ↓
1. Tokenization is the first step
Most assets entering crypto today are wrappers around existing assets.
For many markets, that is the practical entry point. It brings assets into a more open environment while issuers, venues, and regulators adapt.
2. Settlement is the real test
Traditional markets still rely on delayed settlement, reconciliation, and intermediated records.
Even after the move to T+1 in the U.S., DTCC data still shows fail rates at 3.19% for NSCC and 3.07% for DTC.
Onchain settlement can take this further.
With atomic delivery-versus-payment, the asset leg and payment leg execute together, or neither does.
3. Regulation is part of the product
Regulated assets need market rules built into the system.
That means KYC, eligibility checks, transfer controls, auditability, and clear legal accountability.
The job is not to route around regulation.
The job is to make regulated markets easier to run.
4. Privacy decides whether institutions can use it
Public ledgers expose balances, counterparties, and trading activity.
That doesn't work for regulated markets.
Institutions need confidential transactions with selective disclosure, so auditors and regulators can access the information they need without making every position public.
5. Native issuance is the end state
Tokenization brings existing assets into the market.
Native issuance moves the asset lifecycle itself onchain: issuance, trading, settlement, servicing, and disclosure.
Dusk is built for native issuance, with privacy, compliance controls, deterministic settlement, and infrastructure for regulated financial applications.
RWAs don't become financial markets because assets are tokenized.
They become financial markets when the market infrastructure is ready.
Tokenization and native issuance solve different problems.
The difference comes down to where the asset actually lives, who holds it, and what happens when something goes wrong.
Tokenization: - The bond still sits with a custodian - The token is a representation that tracks it - If the custodian fails, the token is a claim on a broken process
Every tokenized asset needs reconciliation between the onchain record and the off-chain reality → settlement depends on intermediaries → reporting means cross-referencing two systems.
The wrapper adds a layer. It does not remove one.
Native issuance: - The asset is created onchain as the legal record - Settlement is atomic, custody is protocol-level - Corporate actions execute in code, no reconciliation required
Dusk is built for native issuance. The protocol handles issuance, settlement, and corporate actions natively.
NPEX, an AFM-regulated exchange, is pursuing the DLT-TSS license to natively issue securities on Dusk.
Native issuance means the security is created, traded, and settled entirely onchain.
No intermediaries reconciling between systems. Faster settlement, lower costs, and full transparency for regulators without exposing positions to the market.
Tokenization wraps an existing off-chain asset and represents it onchain.
The original still lives in legacy infrastructure. You still need custodians, clearinghouses, and reconciliation. It's a digital layer on top of the old system.
Financial markets will truly move onchain through native issuance.
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Tokenization puts a digital layer on top of the existing financial system, but the asset still lives off-chain and settlement still depends on intermediaries.
Native issuance is different. The asset is created and managed entirely onchain: issuance, trading, settlement, custody, corporate actions. No reconciliation, no middlemen.
Dusk is built for native issuance. That's the endgame.
Learn more about the differences between tokenization and native issuance: https://docs.dusk.network/learn/tokenization-comparison/
The ECB's Appia roadmap. The EU DLT Pilot Regime going live. €1.7 billion in tokenized bonds issued in Europe in 2024 alone. BlackRock's BUIDL crossing $4 billion. Over 60% of asset managers planning to launch tokenized funds.
The direction is clear.
What Europe needs now is blockchain infrastructure that handles the full asset lifecycle on-chain with built-in privacy and compliance.