defisecurity
99,040 views
219 Discussing
ရေပန်းစားသော
နောက်ဆုံး
🚨 URGENT: BiSwap Website Security Breach 🚨
💔 A trusted DeFi platform is under threat.
CertiK has reported that BiSwap’s official website was compromised with a malicious URL, redirecting users to a gambling site.
⚠️ One wrong click can risk your wallet.
Please avoid the site, don’t connect wallets, and wait for official updates.
🔐 In crypto, security is emotional — because your hard-earned assets matter.
Stay alert. Stay safe. Protect your future. 💙
#CryptoAlert #DeFiSecurity #Biswap #Web3Safety #BSC
$BNB
CertiK has reported that BiSwap’s official website was compromised with a malicious URL, redirecting users to a gambling site.
⚠️ One wrong click can risk your wallet.
Please avoid the site, don’t connect wallets, and wait for official updates.
🔐 In crypto, security is emotional — because your hard-earned assets matter.
Stay alert. Stay safe. Protect your future. 💙
#CryptoAlert #DeFiSecurity #Biswap #Web3Safety #BSC
$BNB
🚨 AI in Web3 Needs Privacy First
AI agents require confidentiality to operate safely:
▪ Private trading strategies
▪ Protection of keys & sensitive data
▪ Front-running prevention
▪ Secure DeFi execution
▪ Private risk models for lending/liquidation
Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) are becoming key — providing hardware-level isolation so code and data remain secure from unauthorized access.
Projects building the AI privacy backbone:
$NEAR
| $PHA
| $ROSE | @Succinct | @Worldcoin
#Web3 #AIprivacy #DeFiSecurity #TrustedExecution #Blockchain
AI agents require confidentiality to operate safely:
▪ Private trading strategies
▪ Protection of keys & sensitive data
▪ Front-running prevention
▪ Secure DeFi execution
▪ Private risk models for lending/liquidation
Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) are becoming key — providing hardware-level isolation so code and data remain secure from unauthorized access.
Projects building the AI privacy backbone:
$NEAR
| $PHA
| $ROSE | @Succinct | @Worldcoin
#Web3 #AIprivacy #DeFiSecurity #TrustedExecution #Blockchain
APRO: Powering Web3 with Trustworthy Data
In the world of Web3, smart contracts get a lot of attention — but without reliable data, even the smartest contract can break. That’s where APRO comes in. It’s not just another oracle; it’s a full-on data backbone for decentralized apps that need speed, accuracy, and trust.
The idea behind APRO is simple but powerful: Web3 can’t scale without clean, dependable information. Dapps today are deeply interconnected, and one bad data point can ripple across entire systems. APRO tackles this by focusing on real-time delivery, stability, and constant validation — because in Web3, good data isn’t optional, it’s essential.
What makes APRO stand out is how it handles data. It offers two main delivery modes: real-time feeds for things like DeFi prices where every second counts, and on-demand queries for use cases like gaming, identity, or automation. That flexibility means developers can build smarter, more efficient apps.
Security is baked into everything APRO does. Instead of relying on a single source, it verifies data through multiple layers and uses AI to spot anything suspicious. If something looks off, it gets flagged before it can do damage. That’s next-level protection.
APRO also brings verifiable randomness to the table — a must-have for fair gaming, NFT drops, and lotteries. Anyone can audit the results, which builds trust and transparency into every interaction.
And with Web3 going multi-chain, APRO is already there. It works across different blockchains, acting as a unified data layer that keeps everything in sync. That means less friction for developers and more consistency for users.
The $AT token ties it all together. It’s not just about value — it’s about governance, rewarding honest data providers, and keeping the network aligned for long-term success.
At the end of the day, APRO is about trust in a world run by code. As we hand more decisions over to algorithms and smart contracts, the quality of the data they rely on becomes everything. APRO is building the foundation for a future where decentralized systems can actually be trusted to work — not just in theory, but in the real world.
#Web3Infrastructure #DataIsPower #DeFiSecurity #MultiChainFuture #OraclesMatter
The idea behind APRO is simple but powerful: Web3 can’t scale without clean, dependable information. Dapps today are deeply interconnected, and one bad data point can ripple across entire systems. APRO tackles this by focusing on real-time delivery, stability, and constant validation — because in Web3, good data isn’t optional, it’s essential.
What makes APRO stand out is how it handles data. It offers two main delivery modes: real-time feeds for things like DeFi prices where every second counts, and on-demand queries for use cases like gaming, identity, or automation. That flexibility means developers can build smarter, more efficient apps.
Security is baked into everything APRO does. Instead of relying on a single source, it verifies data through multiple layers and uses AI to spot anything suspicious. If something looks off, it gets flagged before it can do damage. That’s next-level protection.
APRO also brings verifiable randomness to the table — a must-have for fair gaming, NFT drops, and lotteries. Anyone can audit the results, which builds trust and transparency into every interaction.
And with Web3 going multi-chain, APRO is already there. It works across different blockchains, acting as a unified data layer that keeps everything in sync. That means less friction for developers and more consistency for users.
The $AT token ties it all together. It’s not just about value — it’s about governance, rewarding honest data providers, and keeping the network aligned for long-term success.
At the end of the day, APRO is about trust in a world run by code. As we hand more decisions over to algorithms and smart contracts, the quality of the data they rely on becomes everything. APRO is building the foundation for a future where decentralized systems can actually be trusted to work — not just in theory, but in the real world.
#Web3Infrastructure #DataIsPower #DeFiSecurity #MultiChainFuture #OraclesMatter
🔎 PROJECT APRO: LA AUDITORÍA QUE TE DA TRANQUILIDAD EN DEFI
El código es la ley en el mundo cripto, pero un error en ese código puede ser catastrófico. Project APRO está aquí para cambiar las reglas del juego.
APRO no solo audita contratos; APRO verifica la integridad y la seguridad de las interacciones en la blockchain antes de que se conviertan en un problema.
¿Por Qué APRO es Vital en DeFi?
Cada día surgen nuevos exploits y rug pulls. La necesidad de confianza se está volviendo crítica, y APRO ofrece esa capa de seguridad que el ecosistema necesita para la madurez.
🛡️ Verificación Preventiva: Detecta vulnerabilidades antes de que los contratos sean desplegados, mitigando el riesgo de hacks y pérdidas de fondos.
🤖 Auditoría Automatizada: Utiliza machine learning y herramientas avanzadas para analizar la lógica del contrato, buscando patrones de código inseguros que a menudo escapan a la revisión humana.
📜 Estándares de Confianza: Al operar bajo los estándares de APRO, los proyectos demuestran un compromiso serio con la seguridad y la transparencia, aumentando la confianza de los inversores.
El futuro es trustless, no risky. Project APRO es la herramienta que nos permite construir ese futuro con confianza.
📢 Pregunta: Si un proyecto estuviera certificado por APRO, ¿cambiaría tu decisión de invertir en él? ¡Cuéntanos tu opinión!
#APRO #SmartContracts #DeFiSecurity #BinanceSquare $AT
El código es la ley en el mundo cripto, pero un error en ese código puede ser catastrófico. Project APRO está aquí para cambiar las reglas del juego.
APRO no solo audita contratos; APRO verifica la integridad y la seguridad de las interacciones en la blockchain antes de que se conviertan en un problema.
¿Por Qué APRO es Vital en DeFi?
Cada día surgen nuevos exploits y rug pulls. La necesidad de confianza se está volviendo crítica, y APRO ofrece esa capa de seguridad que el ecosistema necesita para la madurez.
🛡️ Verificación Preventiva: Detecta vulnerabilidades antes de que los contratos sean desplegados, mitigando el riesgo de hacks y pérdidas de fondos.
🤖 Auditoría Automatizada: Utiliza machine learning y herramientas avanzadas para analizar la lógica del contrato, buscando patrones de código inseguros que a menudo escapan a la revisión humana.
📜 Estándares de Confianza: Al operar bajo los estándares de APRO, los proyectos demuestran un compromiso serio con la seguridad y la transparencia, aumentando la confianza de los inversores.
El futuro es trustless, no risky. Project APRO es la herramienta que nos permite construir ese futuro con confianza.
📢 Pregunta: Si un proyecto estuviera certificado por APRO, ¿cambiaría tu decisión de invertir en él? ¡Cuéntanos tu opinión!
#APRO #SmartContracts #DeFiSecurity #BinanceSquare $AT
$2.7M DRAINED: Ribbon Exploit Is Live Right Now 🚨
The Ribbon DOV vault has been compromised. Attackers exploited an old, unpatched contract version, resulting in a massive $2.7 million loss. This is a critical security failure. The dev team is moving fast, pausing and disabling all affected vaults immediately. If you hold assets in $LUNA or $SOMI related vaults, check your positions NOW. Security first. 🔒
#DeFiSecurity #ExploitAlert #RibbonFinance #CryptoFUD
🛑
The Ribbon DOV vault has been compromised. Attackers exploited an old, unpatched contract version, resulting in a massive $2.7 million loss. This is a critical security failure. The dev team is moving fast, pausing and disabling all affected vaults immediately. If you hold assets in $LUNA or $SOMI related vaults, check your positions NOW. Security first. 🔒
#DeFiSecurity #ExploitAlert #RibbonFinance #CryptoFUD
🛑
Multi-Chain Oracles That Actually Work
Liquidity is scattered. Ethereum, Solana, BNB Chain… APRO works across 40+ chains. It aggregates data, runs anomaly checks, and pushes a reliable feed everywhere. For cross-chain perps, Bitcoin DeFi, or yield strategies, APRO acts like a shared nervous system. One source of truth for all chains. That’s the kind of infrastructure I want in my DeFi setups.
#APRO #MultiChain #CryptoInnovation @APRO Oracle #DeFiSecurity
Liquidity is scattered. Ethereum, Solana, BNB Chain… APRO works across 40+ chains. It aggregates data, runs anomaly checks, and pushes a reliable feed everywhere. For cross-chain perps, Bitcoin DeFi, or yield strategies, APRO acts like a shared nervous system. One source of truth for all chains. That’s the kind of infrastructure I want in my DeFi setups.
#APRO #MultiChain #CryptoInnovation @APRO Oracle #DeFiSecurity
5 Reglas de Seguridad Cripto
El Dinero es Tuyo, la Seguridad También.En un mercado donde $BTC está en $92K, el principal punto de fallo es usted, no el código. Como analista, he visto miles perder sus fondos por descuidos básicos. La vigilancia es el activo más valioso.Aquí están las 5 Reglas Inquebrantables que todo holder serio y trader activo debe seguir, basadas en el contexto actual de amenazas (Deepfakes de IA y spoofing):Guardián de la Frase Semilla: Almacenamiento Offline es la Única Opción. Nunca la digitalices (nube, foto, PC). Opta por el respaldo físico (placa de metal idealmente). Considera dividirla o añadir una contraseña adicional ("palabra 25") para mayor seguridad. No se comparte nunca bajo ninguna circunstancia.¡Alerta de Spoofing en X! Los estafadores imitan figuras clave (ej. cuentas falsas de Vitalik Buterin). Siempre verifica el handle (ej. @Vita1ikButerin vs. @VitalikButerin) y revisa el historial de posts. Si te mandan MDs (Mensajes Directos) pidiendo claves, es estafa.¡Adiós WiFi Público! Las redes públicas son vulnerables a ataques MitM y "Evil Twin". Nunca accedas a tu wallet o realices transacciones en ellas. Utiliza tus datos móviles o una VPN.Deepfakes de IA, la Nueva Amenaza: Con la IA, los fraudes son hiperrealistas. Los estafadores crean vídeos falsos de CEOs o famosos (como Elon Musk) prometiendo regalos. Presta atención a inconsistencias de audio (voces robóticas), fallos en los labios y preguntas personales de verificación.Triple Blindaje de Binance: Si usas un CEX, tu responsabilidad es usar 2FA (no SMS) y contraseñas fuertes/únicas. Activa el Código Anti-Phishing de Binance y la Lista Blanca de Retiros.
El conocimiento es tu mejor cold wallet. ¡Mantente seguro y vigilante!#SeguridadCripto #DeFiSecurity #TipsDeTrading #SeedPhraseSecurity #Deepfake $BTC
El conocimiento es tu mejor cold wallet. ¡Mantente seguro y vigilante!#SeguridadCripto #DeFiSecurity #TipsDeTrading #SeedPhraseSecurity #Deepfake $BTC
5 Reglas de Seguridad Cripto
El Dinero es Tuyo, la Seguridad También.
En un mercado donde $BTC está en $92K, el principal punto de fallo es usted, no el código. Como analista, he visto miles perder sus fondos por descuidos básicos. La vigilancia es el activo más valioso.
Aquí están las 5 Reglas Inquebrantables que todo holder serio y trader activo debe seguir, basadas en el contexto actual de amenazas (Deepfakes de IA y spoofing):
Guardián de la Frase Semilla: Almacenamiento Offline es la Única Opción. Nunca la digitalices (nube, foto, PC). Opta por el respaldo físico (placa de metal idealmente). Considera dividirla o añadir una contraseña adicional ("palabra 25") para mayor seguridad. No se comparte nunca bajo ninguna circunstancia.
¡Alerta de Spoofing en X! Los estafadores imitan figuras clave (ej. cuentas falsas de Vitalik Buterin). Siempre verifica el handle (ej. @Vita1ikButerin vs. @VitalikButerin) y revisa el historial de posts. Si te mandan MDs (Mensajes Directos) pidiendo claves, es estafa.
¡Adiós WiFi Público! Las redes públicas son vulnerables a ataques MitM y "Evil Twin". Nunca accedas a tu wallet o realices transacciones en ellas. Utiliza tus datos móviles o una VPN.
Deepfakes de IA, la Nueva Amenaza: Con la IA, los fraudes son hiperrealistas. Los estafadores crean vídeos falsos de CEOs o famosos (como Elon Musk) prometiendo regalos. Presta atención a inconsistencias de audio (voces robóticas), fallos en los labios y preguntas personales de verificación.
Triple Blindaje de Binance: Si usas un CEX, tu responsabilidad es usar 2FA (no SMS) y contraseñas fuertes/únicas. Activa el Código Anti-Phishing de Binance y la Lista Blanca de Retiros.
El conocimiento es tu mejor cold wallet. ¡Mantente seguro y vigilante!
#SeguridadCripto #DeFiSecurity #TipsDeTrading #SeedPhraseSecurity #Deepfake $BTC
El Dinero es Tuyo, la Seguridad También.
En un mercado donde $BTC está en $92K, el principal punto de fallo es usted, no el código. Como analista, he visto miles perder sus fondos por descuidos básicos. La vigilancia es el activo más valioso.
Aquí están las 5 Reglas Inquebrantables que todo holder serio y trader activo debe seguir, basadas en el contexto actual de amenazas (Deepfakes de IA y spoofing):
Guardián de la Frase Semilla: Almacenamiento Offline es la Única Opción. Nunca la digitalices (nube, foto, PC). Opta por el respaldo físico (placa de metal idealmente). Considera dividirla o añadir una contraseña adicional ("palabra 25") para mayor seguridad. No se comparte nunca bajo ninguna circunstancia.
¡Alerta de Spoofing en X! Los estafadores imitan figuras clave (ej. cuentas falsas de Vitalik Buterin). Siempre verifica el handle (ej. @Vita1ikButerin vs. @VitalikButerin) y revisa el historial de posts. Si te mandan MDs (Mensajes Directos) pidiendo claves, es estafa.
¡Adiós WiFi Público! Las redes públicas son vulnerables a ataques MitM y "Evil Twin". Nunca accedas a tu wallet o realices transacciones en ellas. Utiliza tus datos móviles o una VPN.
Deepfakes de IA, la Nueva Amenaza: Con la IA, los fraudes son hiperrealistas. Los estafadores crean vídeos falsos de CEOs o famosos (como Elon Musk) prometiendo regalos. Presta atención a inconsistencias de audio (voces robóticas), fallos en los labios y preguntas personales de verificación.
Triple Blindaje de Binance: Si usas un CEX, tu responsabilidad es usar 2FA (no SMS) y contraseñas fuertes/únicas. Activa el Código Anti-Phishing de Binance y la Lista Blanca de Retiros.
El conocimiento es tu mejor cold wallet. ¡Mantente seguro y vigilante!
#SeguridadCripto #DeFiSecurity #TipsDeTrading #SeedPhraseSecurity #Deepfake $BTC
⚠️ La Calidad de Datos es el Nuevo $BTC
Como analista, veo que la descentralización no vale de nada sin datos confiables y verificables. El nuevo sistema de oráculos de @APRO Oracle , con su verificación impulsada por IA y red de doble capa, es un game changer para la seguridad DeFi.
Su capacidad para manejar activos tokenizados de todo tipo (¡incluso bienes raíces!) en más de 40 redes demuestra una infraestructura robusta, no solo una promesa.
💡 Mantengan la vista en el token $AT . Un sistema de oráculo eficiente y seguro será la base de la próxima corrida. ¡Posiciones estratégicas!
#APRO #Oracle #DeFiSecurity $AT
Como analista, veo que la descentralización no vale de nada sin datos confiables y verificables. El nuevo sistema de oráculos de @APRO Oracle , con su verificación impulsada por IA y red de doble capa, es un game changer para la seguridad DeFi.
Su capacidad para manejar activos tokenizados de todo tipo (¡incluso bienes raíces!) en más de 40 redes demuestra una infraestructura robusta, no solo una promesa.
💡 Mantengan la vista en el token $AT . Un sistema de oráculo eficiente y seguro será la base de la próxima corrida. ¡Posiciones estratégicas!
#APRO #Oracle #DeFiSecurity $AT
TVWAP: APRO'S SECRET WEAPON AGAINST FLASH LOAN ATTACKS
In November 2020, Cheese Bank lost $3.3 million in a single transaction. The attacker used a $21,000 ETH flash loan, manipulated the price on Uniswap, and drained USDC/USDT/DAI completely. In 2022, DeFi protocols lost $403.2 million through 41 similar oracle manipulation attacks.
The core problem? Oracles using spot price - instant prices easily manipulated in a single block. APRO solves this with TVWAP (Time-Volume Weighted Average Price) - a mechanism combining both time and volume to create a "bulletproof" price against manipulation attacks.
FLASH LOAN ATTACK: ANATOMY OF A HEIST
To understand why TVWAP matters, we must first understand how flash loan attacks work.
Basic Attack Process:
Step 1: Borrow flash loan (e.g., 21,000 ETH from dYdX) - no collateral needed, just repay within same transaction
Step 2: Swap portion of ETH for target token on DEX with low liquidity
Example: 50 ETH → 107,000 CHEESE tokensSmall pool → CHEESE price spikes 1000%+
Step 3: Lending protocol reads CHEESE price from oracle (now showing inflated price)
Step 4: Use CHEESE as collateral to borrow USDC/DAI at inflated value
Step 5: Collect profits, repay flash loan, exit clean
Entire process happens in 1 transaction, 13 seconds.
Real Statistics:
bZx (2020): $985K lost through 2 attacksHarvest Finance (2020): $24MCheese Bank (2020): $3.3MMango Markets (2022): $117M
In 2022 alone, oracle manipulation attacks caused $403.2 million in damages through 41 incidents.
TWAP VS VWAP: TWO APPROACHES
Before discussing APRO's TVWAP, we need to understand 2 basic concepts.
TWAP (Time-Weighted Average Price)
Simple formula:
TWAP = (Price₁ + Price₂ + ... + Priceₙ) / n
How it works:
Takes price at multiple different timesExample: ETH price every 15 seconds for 5 minutesCalculate average: All prices equally weighted
Advantages:
Simple, easy to implement on-chainResists flash loans by calculating price across multiple blocksFully decentralized (no off-chain data needed)
Disadvantages:
Lagging indicator, out of sync with market-wide price during high volatilityOnly tracks 1 exchange → doesn't reflect entire marketIn crypto volatility, TWAP can deviate 5-10% from real price
VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price)
Formula:
VWAP = Σ(Price × Volume) / Σ(Volume)
How it works:
Takes price from multiple exchangesHigher volume prices → higher weightExample: Binance trading 10,000 BTC @ $40K has more weight than DEX trading 10 BTC @ $41K
Advantages:
Accurate and reflects market-wide priceChainlink uses VWAP → protects $20-27 trillion+ TVLReal-time updates
Disadvantages:
Requires off-chain data aggregationMore complex to implementDepends on oracle nodes
TVWAP: COMBINING THE BEST OF BOTH
APRO's innovation: Time-Volume Weighted Average Price - weighted by BOTH time AND volume.
Formula (Simplified):
TVWAP = Σ(Price × Volume × Time) / Σ(Volume × Time)
Why Does This Matter?
Scenario 1: Flash Loan Attack Attempt
Attacker action:
Flash loan $100M, dump in 1 block (1 second)Spot price drops 30%
VWAP response:
Reads new price immediatelyProtocol may be affected
TVWAP response:
$100M volume × 1 second = minimal weightSustained legitimate trading: $50M volume × 600 seconds = heavy weightTVWAP only changes < 0.5%
Scenario 2: Real Market Movement
Legitimate market sell-off:
$200M volume sustained over 10 minutesPrice drops 15%
TVWAP response:
High volume × sustained time = high weightTVWAP closely follows market movementProtocol liquidates at correct time
Key Insight
Single-block manipulation (flash loan):
High volume, zero time → negligible impact
Real market movement:
High volume, sustained time → reflected accurately
EXAMPLE: $100M FLASH DUMP
Assume ETH trading @ $2,000, attacker dumps $100M in 1 block.
Traditional Spot Price Oracle:
Reads: $1,400 (30% drop)Protocols liquidate users based on wrong priceAttacker profits
TWAP Oracle (10-minute window):
Calculates: ($2000×9 blocks + $1400×1 block) / 10 blocksResult: ~$1,940Still affected but better than above
TVWAP Oracle (APRO):
Previous 10 min: $50M volume @ $2,000Attack block: $100M volume @ $1,400 in 1 secondLegitimate next blocks: $50M volume @ $2,000
Calculation:
Numerator = ($50M × 600s × $2000) + ($100M × 1s × $1400) + ($50M × 600s × $2000) Denominator = ($50M × 600s) + ($100M × 1s) + ($50M × 600s)
TVWAP ≈ $1,998 (only 0.1% drop)
Result: Attack fails, protocols safe, attacker loses gas fees.
TRADE-OFFS: NOTHING IS PERFECT
TVWAP Strengths:
Flash loan resistantReflects real market movementsBalances speed and accuracy
Realistic Limitations:
Complexity: Harder to implement than pure TWAP or VWAPLatency: Still has slight delay vs spot price (necessary trade-off)Parameter tuning: Time window too short → easy to manipulate; too long → lagMarket coverage: APRO needs to integrate many sources like Chainlink for full coverage
Unanswered Questions:
How does TVWAP perform in extreme volatility (Bitcoin -20% in 1 hour)?What's the optimal time window for different asset classes?Integration with VWAP oracles like Chainlink for hybrid model?
COMPARISON WITH CHAINLINK
Chainlink Price Feeds:
VWAP from multiple data aggregatorsOff-chain computation, on-chain deliveryFlash loans don't affect because data fetched off-chain asynchronouslyProven: $20T+ value secured
APRO TVWAP:
Combines time and volume weightsSpecialized for on-chain + off-chain hybridNewer, not proven at massive scale
Best approach? Use both:
VWAP (Chainlink) for primary feedTVWAP (APRO) for fallback/verificationCross-validate between 2 sources
CONCLUSION
TVWAP isn't a silver bullet, but it's an important evolution in oracle security. By weighting both time AND volume, APRO creates a mechanism far harder to manipulate than spot price or pure TWAP.
Flash loan attacks took over $400M in 2022. With TVWAP, the cost to manipulate oracles increases exponentially - no longer a 1-block exploit but requires sustained manipulation with massive volume over many minutes.
But remember: Good architecture ≠ battle-tested. Chainlink has 5+ years track record. APRO is just starting. Time will tell.
👉 If you're building a lending protocol, would you choose proven VWAP (Chainlink), experimental TVWAP (APRO), or a hybrid of both?
@APRO Oracle #APRO #DeFiSecurity #Oracle #WriteToEarnUpgrade #BinanceBlockchainWeek
$AT
✍️ Written by @CryptoTradeSmart Crypto Analyst | Becoming a Pro Trader
⚠️ Disclaimer
This article is for informational and educational purposes only, NOT financial advice.Crypto carries high risk; you may lose all your capitalPast performance ≠ future resultsAlways DYOR (Do Your Own Research)Only invest money you can afford to lose
Thanks for reading! Drop your comments if any!
The core problem? Oracles using spot price - instant prices easily manipulated in a single block. APRO solves this with TVWAP (Time-Volume Weighted Average Price) - a mechanism combining both time and volume to create a "bulletproof" price against manipulation attacks.
FLASH LOAN ATTACK: ANATOMY OF A HEIST
To understand why TVWAP matters, we must first understand how flash loan attacks work.
Basic Attack Process:
Step 1: Borrow flash loan (e.g., 21,000 ETH from dYdX) - no collateral needed, just repay within same transaction
Step 2: Swap portion of ETH for target token on DEX with low liquidity
Example: 50 ETH → 107,000 CHEESE tokensSmall pool → CHEESE price spikes 1000%+
Step 3: Lending protocol reads CHEESE price from oracle (now showing inflated price)
Step 4: Use CHEESE as collateral to borrow USDC/DAI at inflated value
Step 5: Collect profits, repay flash loan, exit clean
Entire process happens in 1 transaction, 13 seconds.
Real Statistics:
bZx (2020): $985K lost through 2 attacksHarvest Finance (2020): $24MCheese Bank (2020): $3.3MMango Markets (2022): $117M
In 2022 alone, oracle manipulation attacks caused $403.2 million in damages through 41 incidents.
TWAP VS VWAP: TWO APPROACHES
Before discussing APRO's TVWAP, we need to understand 2 basic concepts.
TWAP (Time-Weighted Average Price)
Simple formula:
TWAP = (Price₁ + Price₂ + ... + Priceₙ) / n
How it works:
Takes price at multiple different timesExample: ETH price every 15 seconds for 5 minutesCalculate average: All prices equally weighted
Advantages:
Simple, easy to implement on-chainResists flash loans by calculating price across multiple blocksFully decentralized (no off-chain data needed)
Disadvantages:
Lagging indicator, out of sync with market-wide price during high volatilityOnly tracks 1 exchange → doesn't reflect entire marketIn crypto volatility, TWAP can deviate 5-10% from real price
VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price)
Formula:
VWAP = Σ(Price × Volume) / Σ(Volume)
How it works:
Takes price from multiple exchangesHigher volume prices → higher weightExample: Binance trading 10,000 BTC @ $40K has more weight than DEX trading 10 BTC @ $41K
Advantages:
Accurate and reflects market-wide priceChainlink uses VWAP → protects $20-27 trillion+ TVLReal-time updates
Disadvantages:
Requires off-chain data aggregationMore complex to implementDepends on oracle nodes
TVWAP: COMBINING THE BEST OF BOTH
APRO's innovation: Time-Volume Weighted Average Price - weighted by BOTH time AND volume.
Formula (Simplified):
TVWAP = Σ(Price × Volume × Time) / Σ(Volume × Time)
Why Does This Matter?
Scenario 1: Flash Loan Attack Attempt
Attacker action:
Flash loan $100M, dump in 1 block (1 second)Spot price drops 30%
VWAP response:
Reads new price immediatelyProtocol may be affected
TVWAP response:
$100M volume × 1 second = minimal weightSustained legitimate trading: $50M volume × 600 seconds = heavy weightTVWAP only changes < 0.5%
Scenario 2: Real Market Movement
Legitimate market sell-off:
$200M volume sustained over 10 minutesPrice drops 15%
TVWAP response:
High volume × sustained time = high weightTVWAP closely follows market movementProtocol liquidates at correct time
Key Insight
Single-block manipulation (flash loan):
High volume, zero time → negligible impact
Real market movement:
High volume, sustained time → reflected accurately
EXAMPLE: $100M FLASH DUMP
Assume ETH trading @ $2,000, attacker dumps $100M in 1 block.
Traditional Spot Price Oracle:
Reads: $1,400 (30% drop)Protocols liquidate users based on wrong priceAttacker profits
TWAP Oracle (10-minute window):
Calculates: ($2000×9 blocks + $1400×1 block) / 10 blocksResult: ~$1,940Still affected but better than above
TVWAP Oracle (APRO):
Previous 10 min: $50M volume @ $2,000Attack block: $100M volume @ $1,400 in 1 secondLegitimate next blocks: $50M volume @ $2,000
Calculation:
Numerator = ($50M × 600s × $2000) + ($100M × 1s × $1400) + ($50M × 600s × $2000) Denominator = ($50M × 600s) + ($100M × 1s) + ($50M × 600s)
TVWAP ≈ $1,998 (only 0.1% drop)
Result: Attack fails, protocols safe, attacker loses gas fees.
TRADE-OFFS: NOTHING IS PERFECT
TVWAP Strengths:
Flash loan resistantReflects real market movementsBalances speed and accuracy
Realistic Limitations:
Complexity: Harder to implement than pure TWAP or VWAPLatency: Still has slight delay vs spot price (necessary trade-off)Parameter tuning: Time window too short → easy to manipulate; too long → lagMarket coverage: APRO needs to integrate many sources like Chainlink for full coverage
Unanswered Questions:
How does TVWAP perform in extreme volatility (Bitcoin -20% in 1 hour)?What's the optimal time window for different asset classes?Integration with VWAP oracles like Chainlink for hybrid model?
COMPARISON WITH CHAINLINK
Chainlink Price Feeds:
VWAP from multiple data aggregatorsOff-chain computation, on-chain deliveryFlash loans don't affect because data fetched off-chain asynchronouslyProven: $20T+ value secured
APRO TVWAP:
Combines time and volume weightsSpecialized for on-chain + off-chain hybridNewer, not proven at massive scale
Best approach? Use both:
VWAP (Chainlink) for primary feedTVWAP (APRO) for fallback/verificationCross-validate between 2 sources
CONCLUSION
TVWAP isn't a silver bullet, but it's an important evolution in oracle security. By weighting both time AND volume, APRO creates a mechanism far harder to manipulate than spot price or pure TWAP.
Flash loan attacks took over $400M in 2022. With TVWAP, the cost to manipulate oracles increases exponentially - no longer a 1-block exploit but requires sustained manipulation with massive volume over many minutes.
But remember: Good architecture ≠ battle-tested. Chainlink has 5+ years track record. APRO is just starting. Time will tell.
👉 If you're building a lending protocol, would you choose proven VWAP (Chainlink), experimental TVWAP (APRO), or a hybrid of both?
@APRO Oracle #APRO #DeFiSecurity #Oracle #WriteToEarnUpgrade #BinanceBlockchainWeek
$AT
✍️ Written by @CryptoTradeSmart Crypto Analyst | Becoming a Pro Trader
⚠️ Disclaimer
This article is for informational and educational purposes only, NOT financial advice.Crypto carries high risk; you may lose all your capitalPast performance ≠ future resultsAlways DYOR (Do Your Own Research)Only invest money you can afford to lose
Thanks for reading! Drop your comments if any!
Oracle Failures and Incorrect Price Feeds in DeFi
Method $BTC
External price feed sources (Oracles) deliver severely inaccurate prices to DeFi protocols (e.g., lending platforms).
Consequences $XLM
Protocols may wrongly liquidate user collateral.
Attackers can exploit manipulated prices to borrow excessive assets.
Additional Insights $ONDO
Oracle integrity is critical for DeFi stability.
Use decentralized oracles and multiple data sources to reduce risk.
Price feed manipulation often leads to systemic vulnerabilities and cascading liquidations.
#DeFiSecurity #OracleRisk #cryptotradingpro #BlockchainSafety
Method $BTC
External price feed sources (Oracles) deliver severely inaccurate prices to DeFi protocols (e.g., lending platforms).
Consequences $XLM
Protocols may wrongly liquidate user collateral.
Attackers can exploit manipulated prices to borrow excessive assets.
Additional Insights $ONDO
Oracle integrity is critical for DeFi stability.
Use decentralized oracles and multiple data sources to reduce risk.
Price feed manipulation often leads to systemic vulnerabilities and cascading liquidations.
#DeFiSecurity #OracleRisk #cryptotradingpro #BlockchainSafety
Oracle Failures and Incorrect Price Feeds in DeFi
Method $BTC
External price feed sources (Oracles) deliver severely inaccurate prices to DeFi protocols (e.g., lending platforms).
Consequences $XLM
Protocols may wrongly liquidate user collateral.
Attackers can exploit manipulated prices to borrow excessive assets.
Additional Insights $ONDO
Oracle integrity is critical for DeFi stability.
Use decentralized oracles and multiple data sources to reduce risk.
Price feed manipulation often leads to systemic vulnerabilities and cascading liquidations.
#DeFiSecurity #OracleRisk #CryptoTrading #BlockchainSafety
Method $BTC
External price feed sources (Oracles) deliver severely inaccurate prices to DeFi protocols (e.g., lending platforms).
Consequences $XLM
Protocols may wrongly liquidate user collateral.
Attackers can exploit manipulated prices to borrow excessive assets.
Additional Insights $ONDO
Oracle integrity is critical for DeFi stability.
Use decentralized oracles and multiple data sources to reduce risk.
Price feed manipulation often leads to systemic vulnerabilities and cascading liquidations.
#DeFiSecurity #OracleRisk #CryptoTrading #BlockchainSafety
I just found the backdoor to your wallet.
Everyone clicks 'Approve Max' to save gas. This is a catastrophic mistake. When you grant Unlimited Allowance on a dApp, you are giving that contract permission to drain every single $ETH or $SOL token you own—forever. If that dApp is ever compromised, or if the developers rug, your entire portfolio is gone. This is not paranoia; it is the single biggest security hole in DeFi. Revoke your allowances immediately.
This is not financial advice.
#DeFiSecurity #CryptoSafety #Web3 #Allowance #Ethereum
🚨
Everyone clicks 'Approve Max' to save gas. This is a catastrophic mistake. When you grant Unlimited Allowance on a dApp, you are giving that contract permission to drain every single $ETH or $SOL token you own—forever. If that dApp is ever compromised, or if the developers rug, your entire portfolio is gone. This is not paranoia; it is the single biggest security hole in DeFi. Revoke your allowances immediately.
This is not financial advice.
#DeFiSecurity #CryptoSafety #Web3 #Allowance #Ethereum
🚨
The Silent Killer Hidden In Every Token Swap
That 'Approve Max' button is a ticking time bomb. Every time you swap tokens (like $ETH or $SOL), choosing 'Unlimited Allowance' grants the Smart Contract perpetual access to every single token in that wallet. Forever. If that dApp is ever exploited or compromised, the hacker doesnt just steal the tokens you approved for the swap—they can drain your entire portfolio. You essentially gave them the keys to your $BTC. Check your approvals and revoke unnecessary access immediately.
This is not financial advice.
#DeFiSecurity #CryptoRisk #SmartContracts #Web3
🚨
That 'Approve Max' button is a ticking time bomb. Every time you swap tokens (like $ETH or $SOL), choosing 'Unlimited Allowance' grants the Smart Contract perpetual access to every single token in that wallet. Forever. If that dApp is ever exploited or compromised, the hacker doesnt just steal the tokens you approved for the swap—they can drain your entire portfolio. You essentially gave them the keys to your $BTC. Check your approvals and revoke unnecessary access immediately.
This is not financial advice.
#DeFiSecurity #CryptoRisk #SmartContracts #Web3
🚨
AI Just Took Over Bitcoin Yield. Why You Should Be Terrified.
The yield market is facing a silent crisis. It is not a lack of products; it is a lack of trust. In the early days, innovation was the bottleneck. Today, the problem has flipped: the bottleneck is whether users, treasuries, and regulators can trust any of the dozens of high-APY farms.
Lorenzo Protocol is making a profound bet against the hype cycle. They are not chasing the highest APY. They are trying to build the most robust engine for $BTC liquidity and stablecoin yield that institutional capital can actually plug into.
Here is the blueprint for the shift:
1. The Security Stack: For $BTC exposure (stBTC, enzoBTC), they avoid building proprietary risk. Instead, they leverage battle-tested infrastructure: Babylon for liquid staking security, Chainlink CCIP for cross-chain messaging, and Proof of Reserve to ensure backing is transparent.
2. The Fund Structure: Their flagship USD1+ OTF is designed as a risk-managed, NAV-based portfolio, not a simple pool. It mixes tokenized Real World Assets (RWAs) with CeFi and DeFi strategies, allowing dynamic rebalancing. This looks and feels like a conservative income fund, where risk is diversified and visible.
3. The Adaptive Layer: This is the crucial part. The CeDeFAI platform integrates AI and fast oracle data (post-GENIUS architecture) to adjust fund allocations in real time. Risk control is no longer a quarterly audit; it is a continuous, automated process. This is the necessary evolution for survival in a market dominated by high-frequency capital.
In the next cycle, the platforms that survive the inevitable regulatory and stress tests will be those that treat security, transparency, and risk as first-class features, not afterthoughts. Lorenzo, and its governance token $BANK, is positioning itself to be the boring, reliable plumbing that capital flows through when the noise stops.
This is not financial advice. Always conduct your own research.
#BitcoinFi
#RWA
#DeFiSecurity
#Chainlink
#Yield
🧠
The yield market is facing a silent crisis. It is not a lack of products; it is a lack of trust. In the early days, innovation was the bottleneck. Today, the problem has flipped: the bottleneck is whether users, treasuries, and regulators can trust any of the dozens of high-APY farms.
Lorenzo Protocol is making a profound bet against the hype cycle. They are not chasing the highest APY. They are trying to build the most robust engine for $BTC liquidity and stablecoin yield that institutional capital can actually plug into.
Here is the blueprint for the shift:
1. The Security Stack: For $BTC exposure (stBTC, enzoBTC), they avoid building proprietary risk. Instead, they leverage battle-tested infrastructure: Babylon for liquid staking security, Chainlink CCIP for cross-chain messaging, and Proof of Reserve to ensure backing is transparent.
2. The Fund Structure: Their flagship USD1+ OTF is designed as a risk-managed, NAV-based portfolio, not a simple pool. It mixes tokenized Real World Assets (RWAs) with CeFi and DeFi strategies, allowing dynamic rebalancing. This looks and feels like a conservative income fund, where risk is diversified and visible.
3. The Adaptive Layer: This is the crucial part. The CeDeFAI platform integrates AI and fast oracle data (post-GENIUS architecture) to adjust fund allocations in real time. Risk control is no longer a quarterly audit; it is a continuous, automated process. This is the necessary evolution for survival in a market dominated by high-frequency capital.
In the next cycle, the platforms that survive the inevitable regulatory and stress tests will be those that treat security, transparency, and risk as first-class features, not afterthoughts. Lorenzo, and its governance token $BANK, is positioning itself to be the boring, reliable plumbing that capital flows through when the noise stops.
This is not financial advice. Always conduct your own research.
#BitcoinFi
#RWA
#DeFiSecurity
#Chainlink
#Yield
🧠
JUST DAO stays liquid even in rough markets.
Even during high volatility, JUST maintains strong collateral and liquidity reserves.
This resilience builds trust and keeps borrowing markets healthy.
Users rely on JUST when other platforms struggle.
Stability under pressure defines its strength.
#MarketResilience #DeFiSecurity
Even during high volatility, JUST maintains strong collateral and liquidity reserves.
This resilience builds trust and keeps borrowing markets healthy.
Users rely on JUST when other platforms struggle.
Stability under pressure defines its strength.
#MarketResilience #DeFiSecurity
SYSTEMIC RISK EXPOSED: Your $INJ Portfolio Is On The Edge!
Exploits are a silent killer in DeFi. Injective's architecture, while robust, redistributes serious smart contract vulnerabilities. Native modules powering core functions face systemic failure risk, not just simple bugs. Attackers could manipulate settlement or distort markets. External CosmWasm contracts introduce more flaws: collateral mismanagement, mispricing, value leaks. Composability amplifies weaknesses. Oracle failures mean catastrophic liquidations. Bridge vulnerabilities on multi-chain designs unlock massive value across ecosystems. No absolute safety exists. Exercise extreme caution. The clock is ticking.
This is not financial advice. Do your own research before trading.
#İNJ #DeFiSecurity #CryptoAlert #UrgentWarning #SmartContracts
🚨
Exploits are a silent killer in DeFi. Injective's architecture, while robust, redistributes serious smart contract vulnerabilities. Native modules powering core functions face systemic failure risk, not just simple bugs. Attackers could manipulate settlement or distort markets. External CosmWasm contracts introduce more flaws: collateral mismanagement, mispricing, value leaks. Composability amplifies weaknesses. Oracle failures mean catastrophic liquidations. Bridge vulnerabilities on multi-chain designs unlock massive value across ecosystems. No absolute safety exists. Exercise extreme caution. The clock is ticking.
This is not financial advice. Do your own research before trading.
#İNJ #DeFiSecurity #CryptoAlert #UrgentWarning #SmartContracts
🚨
INJECTIVE SECURITY: The Hidden Flaw No One Talks About
The biggest lie in DeFi is that superior architecture equals zero risk. $INJ is often cited as a fortress, but a deep dive shows its security model is less about elimination and more about strategic relocation.
We are not dealing with standard $ETH smart contract vulnerabilities here. Injective’s core financial logic (order books, derivatives) is baked into native modules. An exploit here isn't a simple contract bug; it’s a systemic failure requiring a slow governance vote to fix.
The second layer is the external CosmWasm contracts (lending, yield). While Rust mitigates low-level flaws, it cannot stop logical design errors. This is where cascading failures occur, especially concerning oracles. An inaccurate feed doesn’t just break one contract; it propagates faulty liquidations across the entire composable ecosystem.
Injective manages risk better by isolating high-value functions, but the presence of bridge vulnerabilities and external contract dependencies means users must remain acutely aware. Safety is layered, never absolute.
Not financial advice. Do your own research.
#Injective #DeFiSecurity #Cosmos #Architecture #RiskManagement
👁️
The biggest lie in DeFi is that superior architecture equals zero risk. $INJ is often cited as a fortress, but a deep dive shows its security model is less about elimination and more about strategic relocation.
We are not dealing with standard $ETH smart contract vulnerabilities here. Injective’s core financial logic (order books, derivatives) is baked into native modules. An exploit here isn't a simple contract bug; it’s a systemic failure requiring a slow governance vote to fix.
The second layer is the external CosmWasm contracts (lending, yield). While Rust mitigates low-level flaws, it cannot stop logical design errors. This is where cascading failures occur, especially concerning oracles. An inaccurate feed doesn’t just break one contract; it propagates faulty liquidations across the entire composable ecosystem.
Injective manages risk better by isolating high-value functions, but the presence of bridge vulnerabilities and external contract dependencies means users must remain acutely aware. Safety is layered, never absolute.
Not financial advice. Do your own research.
#Injective #DeFiSecurity #Cosmos #Architecture #RiskManagement
👁️
XRP Just Unlocked The DeFi War Chest
Forget everything you knew about staking risk. XRPstaking just launched a revolutionary new protocol alongside Sentora and Flare Network ($FLR). This isnt just yield. This is hack-proof yield. They are using $XRP to create the first major on-chain defense system for DeFi security. If you hold $XRP , your tokens are now the foundation of the safest yield environment in crypto. Secure rewards are here, and the game just changed for every user seeking protection in this market.
This is not financial advice. Do your own research.
#XRP #DeFiSecurity #FlareNetwork #Yield
🔥
Forget everything you knew about staking risk. XRPstaking just launched a revolutionary new protocol alongside Sentora and Flare Network ($FLR). This isnt just yield. This is hack-proof yield. They are using $XRP to create the first major on-chain defense system for DeFi security. If you hold $XRP , your tokens are now the foundation of the safest yield environment in crypto. Secure rewards are here, and the game just changed for every user seeking protection in this market.
This is not financial advice. Do your own research.
#XRP #DeFiSecurity #FlareNetwork #Yield
🔥
The Fatal Flaw In DeFi Code That INJ Just Solved
Many chains treat security like an optional enhancement, relying entirely on the safety of permissionless smart contracts for core financial operations. This is the fatal flaw leading to repeated exploits. $INJ flips this model. Its core financial components—the matching engine and order book logic—are implemented as native chain modules, not deployable contracts. They form part of the consensus-critical state machine, inheriting the rigorous security properties of the Cosmos SDK from the base layer up. This drastically minimizes the attack surface where real value is handled.
For developers who need custom logic, $INJ provides CosmWasm, a memory-safe execution environment that eliminates common vulnerabilities found in older virtual machines. This layered approach stacks protections: hardened core architecture, proactive bug bounties, and crucial economic deterrence, where validators risk losing staked INJ if they validate malicious activity. Security is not a feature; it is the foundation.
Disclaimer: Not financial advice. Always do your own research.
#Injective #DeFiSecurity #Layer1 #CryptoArchitecture 🛡️
Many chains treat security like an optional enhancement, relying entirely on the safety of permissionless smart contracts for core financial operations. This is the fatal flaw leading to repeated exploits. $INJ flips this model. Its core financial components—the matching engine and order book logic—are implemented as native chain modules, not deployable contracts. They form part of the consensus-critical state machine, inheriting the rigorous security properties of the Cosmos SDK from the base layer up. This drastically minimizes the attack surface where real value is handled.
For developers who need custom logic, $INJ provides CosmWasm, a memory-safe execution environment that eliminates common vulnerabilities found in older virtual machines. This layered approach stacks protections: hardened core architecture, proactive bug bounties, and crucial economic deterrence, where validators risk losing staked INJ if they validate malicious activity. Security is not a feature; it is the foundation.
Disclaimer: Not financial advice. Always do your own research.
#Injective #DeFiSecurity #Layer1 #CryptoArchitecture 🛡️
နောက်ထပ်အကြောင်းအရာများကို စူးစမ်းလေ့လာရန် အကောင့်ဝင်ပါ