Ethereum experienced record transaction volumes in 2025 but saw its ETH token price decline by 10% year-to-date due to reduced fee revenue from Layer-2 networks. The Dencun upgrade lowered fees, shifting over $100 million in potential fees from Ethereum to Layer-2 operators, with Coinbase's Base capturing nearly 60% of Layer-2 revenue. Despite ETH's price drop, Ethereum's DeFi dominance and institutional adoption continue to grow, underlining a structural shift in the network's economic model.
