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The following tokens have not explicitly submitted ETF applications but are considered 'American coins' due to their U.S. background or policy associations:
1. Chainlink (LINK)
- Origin: Created by the American company SmartContract, headquartered in San Francisco.
- Features: Decentralized oracle network, favored by American capital.
2. Stellar (XLM)
- Origin: Founded by Jed McCaleb (an American), the Stellar Development Foundation is registered in the U.S.
- Features: Focused on cross-border payments, with historical ties to XRP.
3. Hedera (HBAR)
- Origin: Created by the American company Hedera Hashgraph, headquartered in Texas.

As the industry-focused Ordinals completed the Jubilee upgrade at Bitcoin block height 824544, Cursed Inscriptions officially became its swan song. I have been following Cursed Inscription since May. In this tweet, I try to summarize the past and present life of Cursed Inscription. None of the projects mentioned below constitute investment advice, DYOR.1/ What is Curse Inscription The birth of Curse Inscription is a beautiful misunderstanding, a romance unique to programmers. Last April, Ordinals founder Casey discovered that Ordinals had some bugs, which resulted in some inscriptions (of various types) not being indexed. The Ordinals team calls these inscriptions "cursed". At the same time, in order to avoid conflict with the existing inscription numbers (all positive numbers), the team gave these cursed inscriptions "negative numbers", starting from -1, so the curse Inscriptions are also called negative inscriptions. At that time, Casey listed the types of curse inscriptions: 1) A burning transaction contains multiple inscriptions 2) An inscription that is not the first input in the burning transaction 3) There are multiple inscriptions on a satoshi 4) Used during burning Unrecognized operation codes, such as OP_66. In the Ordinals system, the inscription number is a very important existence. Many NFT projects are worth a lot of money because of their high numbers. For example, Sub 10K refers to a collection of inscriptions numbered within 10,000. The current floor price is as high as 0.0735 BTC. Currently, there are over 53 million Ordinals inscriptions (including BRC-20), all positive numbers. There was also an episode in the middle. In September last year, Casey wanted to give up the inscription number to reduce development and maintenance costs. But this will undoubtedly erase some narratives related to the inscription number, so this proposal has been opposed by the community with particularly loud voices. Eventually Casey gave in and continued with the Ordinals inscription number. Tweet at the time: https://twitter.com/_0xSea_/status/1708297030056181984 However, the cursed inscription is a bug after all, so the Ordinals team will definitely fix it at some point in time. If not fixed, it will add additional costs to Ordinals development and maintenance in the long term. 2/ Repair and upgrade of Cursed Inscription In November last year, Casey said that the bug of Cursed Inscription would be fixed at block height 820512.However, due to some reasons, it was delayed to block height 824544, which is today, the upgrade was completed, and it was also called Jubilee. For this upgrade, the Ordinals team had to check more types of cursed inscriptions one by one and repair them, which took a lot of time. Moreover, more types of cursed inscriptions will be discovered and reordered during the process, so the numbers of some cursed inscriptions will change. 3/ The impact and consequences of repair and upgrade The process of repair and upgrade is called Bless by the Ordinals team. To put it simply, after bug fixes and upgrades, inscriptions that were originally cursed due to various loopholes will be "blessed" and become normal positive inscription numbers. The Cursed Inscription is now out of print. Inscriptions that have previously been assigned negative numbers will continue to be negative (cursed) inscriptions. In this way, the negative inscription (curse inscription) becomes a rare edition with a limited number and has a certain hype value. If the inscription is compared to engraving on banknotes/gold, the curse inscription is like a wrong version of the banknote. When the banknote printing factory is printing, malfunctions or bugs may occur, resulting in the appearance of "error notes". Many people also collect or speculate on them. In terms of quantity, there are about 500,000 curse inscriptions, and the number of rare satins (uncommon sat) has reached 800,000. The cursed inscription is even more "rare" than the rare Satoshi. 4/ Cursed inscription tokens. NFT collections with some cursed inscriptions, such as Cursed Bitcoin Punks, Cursed Pokemon, etc., have received a lot of attention. There are two main targets in terms of token, which are -crsd and -tap in chronological order. They are both deployed by Benny. Let’s discuss them separately below. 5/ About -crsd As far as I know, -crsd is the first cursed BRC-20 token with a total amount of 21 million, which was completed mint on May 25, 2023. However, because the Ordinals development team has not improved the index before, and domo called on the community to lock the ord version at 0.9.0 in October, it has been unable to transfer and trade. However, several recent events have given -crsd a glimmer of hope. First, after Ordinals completes this Jubilee upgrade, they should have indexed the types and numbers of all curse inscriptions; second, there has been a lot of discussion around the upgrade of BRC-20 recently, and the current conclusion is that Unisat and domo have reached a consensus and will upgrade accordingly. , so BRC-20 should also be compatible with cursed inscription;Third, Unisat has mentioned in previous tweets that they will support cursed inscriptions. Source: https://twitter.com/unisat_wallet/status/1739632188617015543. However, in general, -crsd cannot be transferred yet, and there is no transaction price and market value information. . 6/ About -tap-tap is the current cursed inscription token Long Yi. Its total amount is also 21 million, and mint will be completed on August 7, 2023. I wrote a long introduction on August 10th, you can review it here: https://twitter.com/_0xSea_/status/1689560490907680768 Now 5 months have passed, I would like to take this opportunity to update the fundamentals of this project: 1 ) -tap is a cursed inscription token based on Ordinals, but does not belong to BRC-20. -tap has had a relatively active community consensus base, circulation volume and price in the past five months. The current OTC and exchange prices are between 1.25-1.5, and the market value is less than $30 million. 2) In addition to the attributes of the cursed inscription token, -tap is also the first token of Tap Protocol (BRC-20 improved protocol), earlier than $tap. Tap Protocol has completed US$4.2 million in financing as a whole, with the participation of multiple institutions, and will then airdrop $tap tokens to -tap holders. The NAT project that became popular some time ago was also released based on Tap Protocol. However, Tap Protocol’s current infrastructure is still relatively poor and lacks a native trading platform. Ordinals Wallet already supports querying and trading of multiple assets on Tap Protocol. Currently -tap has been listed on the centralized exchange SuperEx, and some transactions rely on OTC. 7/ About transfers Since Ordinals no longer generate curse inscriptions, the previous -tap transfer method is no longer applicable. After actual testing by @shep_eth and I, transfers can be made in a new way. For details, please refer to his article (updated today): https://paragraph.xyz/@shep/tap-token-ransfer has been Ordinals for the past six months. The outbreak period of BRC-20 was also the embryonic period of Cursed Inscription. Today’s Jubilee upgrade gives Cursed Glyph new life. I believe that in this round of bull market driven by BTC ETF and BTC Inscription ecology, Cursed Inscription will inevitably follow. The analysis of this article comes from: (Everyone can learn from it) https://twitter.com/_0xSea_/status/1743512063593546052/photo/3#ORDI #SATS #PIPE #UDSW #TAP