The "Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative" (AMTI) under the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington released a research report on December 2, listing the changes in China's deployment at Mischief Reef, Subi Reef, and Fiery Cross Reef over the past two years.

The organization discovered through satellite imagery that China has added radar stations, antenna arrays, and reinforced existing facilities on these reefs.

AMTI's report refers to Mischief Reef, Subi Reef, and Fiery Cross Reef as the three major forward operating bases in the Spratly Islands, noting that the monitoring systems on the three reefs provide Beijing with "unparalleled intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance coverage" over the South China Sea.

At the same time, these facilities can also support China's Coast Guard and Navy operations, enabling Beijing to "counter the electromagnetic spectrum used by other countries" in the event of a conflict. In addition to upgrades in electromagnetic spectrum facilities, Beijing is also building more offensive weapon system support facilities on these reefs.

In short, China has made efforts in the competition for electromagnetic power that are causing significant concern for the Pentagon. This is the direction of future warfare.