Why Most Public Chains Are Copies or Improvements

Technical Logic is Replicable:

The core technologies of blockchain (PoW/PoS, smart contracts, cross-chain, storage) are essentially open-source algorithms.

New chains can optimize performance, reduce costs, and increase TPS based on existing technologies.

Model Repetition:

Most new chains are still "smart contract platforms + native tokens + DeFi/NFT/application ecosystems," merely making parameter adjustments or promotional differentiations.

Ecological Barriers are Key:

While technology replication is easy, replicating ecosystems and user trust is difficult.

The underlying chains like ETH, BTC, CKB are not easily replaceable because ecology, consensus, security, and network effects create a moat #ckb .